Chapter 15

Question 1

Presbyopia

Answer 1

Age-related, progressive loss of the eyes’ ability to focus on nearby objects due to loss of elasticity in the lens

Question 2

Myopia

Answer 2

Nearsightedness

Question 3

Presbycusis

Answer 3

Age-related, gradual loss of hearing, which accelerates after age 55, especially with regard to sounds at higher frequencies

Question 4

Basal metabolism

Answer 4

Use of energy to maintain vital functions

Question 5

Vital capacity

Answer 5

Amount of air that can be drawn in with a deep breath and expelled

Question 6

Infertility

Answer 6

Inability to conceive a child after 12 months of sexual intercourse without the use of birth control

Question 7

Menopause

Answer 7

Cessation of menstruation and of ability to bear children

Question 8

Perimenopause

Answer 8

Period of several years during which a woman experiences physiological changes of menopause; includes first year after end of menstruation

Question 9

Erectile dysfunction

Answer 9

Inability of a man to achieve or maintain an erect penis sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance

Question 10

Hypertension

Answer 10

Chronically high blood pressure

Question 11

Diabetes

Answer 11

1. One of the most common diseases of childhood. Characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood as a result of defective insulin production, ineffective action, or both
2. Disease in which body does not produce or properly use insulin

Question 12

Osteoporosis

Answer 12

Condition in which the bones become thin and brittle as a result of rapid calcium depletion

Question 13

Mammography

Answer 13

Diagnostic X-ray exam of the breasts

Question 14

Hormone therapy

Answer 14

Treatment with artificial estrogen, sometimes in combination with the hormone progesterone, to relieve or prevent symptoms caused by decline in estrogen levels after menopause

Question 15

Stress

Answer 15

1. Physical or psychological demands on a person or organism
2. Response to physical or psychological demands

Question 16

Stressors

Answer 16

Perceived environmental demands that may produce stress

Question 17

Encapsulation

Answer 17

Process that allows expertise to compensate for declines in information-processing ability by bundling relevant knowledge together

Question 18

Integrative thought

Answer 18

Interpret things for meaning rather than at face value

Question 19

Phased retirement

Answer 19

Reducing number of hours worked over years

Question 20

Bridge employment

Answer 20

Switching to a new company or new line of work

Question 21

Openness to experience

Answer 21

Positive impact on retention

Question 22

Literacy

Answer 22

1. Ability to read and write
2. In an adult, ability to use printed and written information to function in society