Chapter 4

Question 1

Parturition

Answer 1

The act of giving birth

Question 2

Three stages of labor

Answer 2

Dilation, lasts 12-14 hours
Descent and emergence, 1-2 hours
Expulsion of placenta 10 min-1 hour

Question 3

Electronic fetal monitoring

Answer 3

Mechanical monitoring of fetal heartbeat during labor and delivery

Question 4

Cesarean delivery

Answer 4

Delivery of baby by surgical removal from uterus

Question 5

Doula

Answer 5

Experienced mentor who furnishes emotional support and information for a woman during labor

Question 6

Neonatal period

Answer 6

First 4 weeks of life, transition from intrauterine dependency to independent existence

Question 7

Neonate

Answer 7

Newborn baby, up to 4 weeks old

Question 8

Anoxia

Answer 8

Lack of oxygen which may cause brain damage

Question 9

Neonatal jaundice

Answer 9

Condition in many newborn babies, caused by immaturity of liver, can cause brain damage if not treated properly

Question 10

Apgar scale

Answer 10

Standard measure of a newborn’s condition; assesses appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration

Question 11

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)

Answer 11

Neurological and behavioral test to measure neonate’s responses to the environment

Question 12

NBAS assesses…

Answer 12

Motor organization
Reflexes
Changes in state
Attention and interaction
CNS instability

Question 13

State of arousal

Answer 13

Infant’s physiological and behavioral status at a given moment in the periodic daily cycle of wakefulness, sleep, and activity

Question 14

Low-birth-weight babies (LBW)

Answer 14

Weight of less than 5.5 lbs at birth because of prematurity or being small-for-date

Question 15

Preterm infants

Answer 15

Infants born before completing the 37th week of gestation

Question 16

Small-for-date

Answer 16

Infants whose birth weight is less than that of 90% of babies of the same gestational age, as a result of slow fetal growth

Question 17

Kangaroo care

Answer 17

Method of skin-to-skin contact in which a newborn is laid face down between the mother’s breasts for an hour or so at a time after birth

Question 18

Postmature

Answer 18

A fetus not yet born as of 2 weeks after the due date or 42 weeks after the mother’s last period

Question 19

Stillbirth

Answer 19

Death of a fetus at or after the 20th week of gestation

Question 20

Infant mortality rate

Answer 20

Proportion of babies born alive who die within the first year

Question 21

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Answer 21

Sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant

Question 22

Stunted

Answer 22

Too short of age

Question 23

Waisted

Answer 23

Too thin for their height

Question 24

Lateralization

Answer 24

Tendency of each of the brain’s hemispheres to have specialized functions

Question 25

Integration

Answer 25

Process by which neurons coordinate the activities of muscle groups

Question 26

Differentiation

Answer 26

Process by which cells acquire specialized structures and functions

Question 27

When does myelination begin?

Answer 27

Half way through gestation

Question 28

Reflex behaviors

Answer 28

Automatic, involuntary, innate responses to stimulation

Question 29

Plasticity

Answer 29

Range of modifiability of performance Modifiability of the brain through experience

Question 30

What is the least developed sense at birth?

Answer 30

Sight

Question 31

Systems of action

Answer 31

Increasingly complex combinations of motor skills, which permit a wider range of movement and more control of the environment

Question 32

Denver Developmental Screening Test

Answer 32

Screening test given to children 1 month to 6 years to determine whether they are developing normally

Question 33

Gross motor skills

Answer 33

Physical skills that involve the large muscles

Question 34

Fine motor skill

Answer 34

Physical skills that involve the small muscles and hand-eye coordination

Question 35

Depth perception

Answer 35

Ability to perceive objects and surfaces three-dimensionally

Question 36

Haptic perception

Answer 36

Ability to acquire information about properties of objects such as size, weight, and texture by handling them

Question 37

Visual cliff

Answer 37

Apparatus designed to give an illusion of depth and used to assess depth perception in infants

Question 38

Ecological theory of perception developers

Answer 38

Eleanor and James Gibson

Question 39

Ecological theory of perception definition

Answer 39

Describes developing motor and perceptual abilities as interdependent parts of a functional system that guides behavior in varying contexts

Question 40

Dynamic systems theory (DST) developper

Answer 40

Esther Thelen