Chapter 15

Question 1

What do Civil Laws deal with

Answer 1

disputes between a group or a person

Question 2

When do civil disputes take place

Answer 2

when someone feels that they have been harmed by someone elses actions

Question 3

what are the four branches of civil law

Answer 3

contract law, property law, family law, and personal injury law

Question 4

what is an agreement between two or more parties to exchange something of value called

Answer 4

a contract

Question 5

what can one party do if the other party fails to follow through with a contract

Answer 5

sue

Question 6

what does property law deal with

Answer 6

everything involved in buy and selling property including how it is cared for

Question 7

what does family law deal with

Answer 7

everything that deals with family matters

Question 8

what is a wrongful act, other than breaking a contract, for which an injured party has the right to sue called

Answer 8

tort

Question 9

what is a lack of proper care and attention

Answer 9

negligence

Question 10

what is the difference between a tort and a negligence

Answer 10

a tort is intentional, a negligence is doing something that a reasonable person would not have done

Question 11

who is the person in civil cases who filed the lawsuit

Answer 11

plaintiff

Question 12

who is the person in civil cases who is being sued

Answer 12

the defendant

Question 13

what is the money ordered by a court to be paid for injuries or losses suffered

Answer 13

damages

Question 14

what is a notice directing someone to appear in court to answer a complaint or charge

Answer 14

summons

Question 15

what is a process by which lawyers have the opportunity to check facts and gather evidence before a trial called

Answer 15

discovery

Question 16

when does the lawyer start working on their discovery

Answer 16

after the defendant’s lawyer answers the complaint

Question 17

each side can ask for a jury to decide the case. True or False

Answer 17

True

Question 18

who presents their evidence first

Answer 18

plaintiff

Question 19

when does the judge decide a verdict

Answer 19

after all of the evidence has been shared

Question 20

what is additional money for bad conduct called

Answer 20

Punitive damages

Question 21

when does the loser of a case have the right to appeal to a higher court

Answer 21

after the case is over

Question 22

what is an act that breaks a law and causes harm to people or to society in general

Answer 22

crime

Question 23

what is a state’s written criminal laws

Answer 23

penal code

Question 24

what is a minor crime for which a person can be fined a small sum of money or jailed for up to one year

Answer 24

misdemeanor

Question 25

what is a more serious crime such as murder, kidnapping, or robbery

Answer 25

felony

Question 26

why are crimes against people, rather than property, seen more important

Answer 26

it can directly harm someone

Question 27

what are crimes against people also called

Answer 27

violent crimes

Question 28

the more serious the crime, the _________ the punishment

Answer 28

harsher

Question 29

only a few criminal laws set minimum and maximum punishment. True or False

Answer 29

False

Question 30

what is the punishment given to someone found guilty of committing a crime called

Answer 30

sentence

Question 31

the government must follow what?

Answer 31

due process

Question 32

what is the government in its role as the party who starts the legal proceedings against someone who committed a crime called

Answer 32

the prosecution

Question 33

The judge does not have to issue an arrest warrant for someone to be arrested. True or False

Answer 33

False

Question 34

In a preliminary hearing, who brings the suspect in to be charged

Answer 34

police

Question 35

what is a process in which a defendant agrees to plead guilty to a less serious crime for a lesser sentence

Answer 35

plea bargaining

Question 36

what way do most defendants choose to be tried by

Answer 36

a judge

Question 37

what is the questioning of a witness at a trial or hearing to check or discredit the witness' testimony

Answer 37

cross-examination

Question 38

how does the jury reach a decision

Answer 38

in secret

Question 39

if no decision is reached, the judge can declare a what

Answer 39

mistrial

Question 40

when was the first juvenile justice system set up

Answer 40

1899

Question 41

what means to correct a person's behavior

Answer 41

rehabilitate

Question 42

did the US Supreme court rule that juveniles have the same rights as adults

Answer 42

yes

Question 43

what is a child or teenager who commits a serious crime or repeatedly breaks the law called

Answer 43

juvenile delinquent

Question 44

what are young people who have committed acts that would be a crime if committed by an adult called

Answer 44

delinquent offenders

Question 45

what is a youth that is charged with being beyond the control of his or her legal guardian called

Answer 45

status offender

Question 46

what are the two types of cases juvenile courts handle

Answer 46

neglect and delinquency

Question 47

what means to take charge of someone in a official way

Answer 47

custody

Question 48

If the youth needs counseling or drug treatment, what might the police do

Answer 48

refer the case to a social service agency

Question 49

what is the process called diversion

Answer 49

when a juvenile goes through drug treatment or counseling

Question 50

what is the detention hearing like in an adult case

Answer 50

the preliminary hearing

Question 51

what is the adjudication like in an adult case and what is a little different

Answer 51

the trial and it is closed to the public and does not include a jury

Question 52

what is the disposition hearing like in an adult case

Answer 52

sentencing hearing

Question 53

what happens in the preliminary hearing

Answer 53

the suspect appears before a judge and the bail is set

Question 54

what happens in indictment

Answer 54

the jury hears the evidence

Question 55

what happens in arraignment

Answer 55

the defendant pleads guilty and accepts a plea bargain, or pleads not guilty and the trial date is set

Question 56

what happens in a trial

Answer 56

attorneys present their cases and the jury reaches a decision