Chapter 15

Question 1

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 1

-Reconstruction agency established in 1865 to protect the legal rights of former slaves and to assist with their education, jobs, health care, and landowning

Question 2

Sharecropping

Answer 2

-type of farm tenancy that developed after the Civil War in which landless workers—often former slaves—farmed land in exchange for farm supplies and a share of crops

Question 3

Crop-Lien System

Answer 3

-merchants extend credit to tenants based on their future crops, but high interest rates and the uncertainties of farming often led to inescapable debts

Question 4

Black Codes (1865-1866)

Answer 4

-laws passed in southern states to restrict the rights of former slaves—to nullify the codes, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Fourteenth Amendment

Question 5

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Answer 5

-along with the 14th amendment, guaranteed the rights of citizenship for former slaves

Question 6

Fourteenth Amendment 1868

Answer 6

-guaranteed rights of citizenship to former slaves, in words similar to those of the Civil Rights Act of 1866

Question 7

Fifteenth Amendment

Answer 7

-constitutional Amendment ratified in 1870, which prohibited states from discriminating in voting privileges on the basis of race

Question 8

Carpetbaggers

Answer 8

-derisive term for northern emigrants who participated in the Republican governments of the Reconstruction South

Question 9

Scalawags

Answer 9

-Southern white Republicans—some former unionists—who supported Reconstruction governments

Question 10

Redeemers

Answer 10

-conservative white Democrats, many of them planters or businessmen who reclaimed control of the South following the end of Reconstruction

Question 11

Black Families

Answer 11

• Once freed, blacks and their families were strengthened and become central to the postemancipation black community
• Former slaves made remarkable efforts to locate loved ones from whom they had been separated under slavery

Question 12

“Swing around the Circle”

Answer 12

-A speaking tour of the North taken by Andrew Johnson to urge voters to elect members of Congress committed to his own Reconstruction program

Question 13

“Waving the Bloody Shirt”

Answer 13

-A tactic of Republicans whereby they identified their opponents with secession and treason

Question 14

Literacy Tests

Answer 14

-A method used to exclude uneducated blacks from voting

Question 15

Bradwell vs. Illinois

Answer 15

-A decision rebuffing the claim that the written legal code and Constitution gave women equal rights

Question 16

Enforcement Acts

Answer 16

-Three acts outlawing terrorist societies and allowing the president to use the army against them

Question 17

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Answer 17

-Outlawed racial discrimination in places of public accommodation like hotels and theaters

Question 18

Slaughterhouse Cases

Answer 18

-A decision that rejected the claim by butchers that their right to equality before the law had been violated

Question 19

Bargain of 1877

Answer 19

-In the aftermath of a close presidential election, an Electoral Commission declared Rutherford B. Hayes president contingent a variety of compromises and agreements upon his taking office