Chapter 15 Flashcards
(19 cards)
Freedmen’s Bureau
-Reconstruction agency established in 1865 to protect the legal rights of former slaves and to assist with their education, jobs, health care, and landowning
Sharecropping
-type of farm tenancy that developed after the Civil War in which landless workers—often former slaves—farmed land in exchange for farm supplies and a share of crops
Crop-Lien System
-merchants extend credit to tenants based on their future crops, but high interest rates and the uncertainties of farming often led to inescapable debts
Black Codes (1865-1866)
-laws passed in southern states to restrict the rights of former slaves—to nullify the codes, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Fourteenth Amendment
Civil Rights Act of 1866
-along with the 14th amendment, guaranteed the rights of citizenship for former slaves
Fourteenth Amendment 1868
-guaranteed rights of citizenship to former slaves, in words similar to those of the Civil Rights Act of 1866
Fifteenth Amendment
-constitutional Amendment ratified in 1870, which prohibited states from discriminating in voting privileges on the basis of race
Carpetbaggers
-derisive term for northern emigrants who participated in the Republican governments of the Reconstruction South
Scalawags
-Southern white Republicans—some former unionists—who supported Reconstruction governments
Redeemers
-conservative white Democrats, many of them planters or businessmen who reclaimed control of the South following the end of Reconstruction
Black Families
- Once freed, blacks and their families were strengthened and become central to the postemancipation black community
- Former slaves made remarkable efforts to locate loved ones from whom they had been separated under slavery
“Swing around the Circle”
-A speaking tour of the North taken by Andrew Johnson to urge voters to elect members of Congress committed to his own Reconstruction program
“Waving the Bloody Shirt”
-A tactic of Republicans whereby they identified their opponents with secession and treason
Literacy Tests
-A method used to exclude uneducated blacks from voting
Bradwell vs. Illinois
-A decision rebuffing the claim that the written legal code and Constitution gave women equal rights
Enforcement Acts
-Three acts outlawing terrorist societies and allowing the president to use the army against them
Civil Rights Act of 1875
-Outlawed racial discrimination in places of public accommodation like hotels and theaters
Slaughterhouse Cases
-A decision that rejected the claim by butchers that their right to equality before the law had been violated
Bargain of 1877
-In the aftermath of a close presidential election, an Electoral Commission declared Rutherford B. Hayes president contingent a variety of compromises and agreements upon his taking office