Plessy vs. Ferguson 1896
-US Supreme Court decision supporting the legality of Jim Crow laws that permitted or requiried "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites
"Separate but equal"
-principle underlying legal racial segregation, upheld in Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896) and struck down by Brown vs Board of Education (1954)
Lynching
-practice, particularly widespread in the South between 1890 and 1940, in which persons (usually black) accused of a crime were murdered by mobs before standing trial
-often took place before large crowds, with law enforcement authorities not intervening
USS Maine
-battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898, resulting in 266 deaths
-the American public, assuming that the Spanish had mined the ship, clamored for war and the Spanish-American war was declared 2 months later
Platt Amendment 1901
-amendment to Cuban constitution that reserved the United States' right to intervene in Cuban affairs and forced newly independent Cuba to host American naval bases on the island
Agricultural Expansion and Decline
-As the country expanded and returned to normal economic practices after the Civil War, Southern cotton had trouble regaining its dominance in the world marketplace, and Western farmers suffered economic distresses of their own
The People's Party
-Populists; spoke for all ''producing classes'' and embarked on a remarkable effort of community organization and education
Coxey's Army
-A band of several hundred unemployed men led by Ohio businessman Jacob Coxey demanding economic relief
"Free coinage of silver"
-The unrestricted minting of silvery money called for by William Jennings Bryan
Kansas Exodus
-A migration by some 40,000-60,000 blacks to Kansas to escape the oppressive environment of the New South
Elimination of Black Voting
-Laws or provision enacted by southern states eliminated the black vote by means other than race, such as poll taxes and literacy tests
Civil Rights Cases
-An 1883 Court decision invalidating the Civil Rights Act of 1875
Politics of Memory
-The abandonment of the dream for racial equality as the Civil War become more remembered as a quarrel between white American in which blacks had no significant role
Immigration Restriction League
-A group that called for the reduction of immigration by barring the illiterate from entering the United States
Yick Wo vs. Hopkins
-Supreme Court decision in 1886 overturning San Francisco law that, as enforced, discriminated against Chinese-owned laundries
-established principle that equal protection of the law embodied in Fourteenth Amendment applied to all Americans, not just former slaves
United States vs. Wong Kim Ark
-A Supreme Court ruling awarding citizenship to children of Chinese immigrants born on American soil
Fong Yue Ting
-The Supreme Court's decision authorizing the federal government to expel Chinese aliens without due process of law
Alfred T. Mahan
-A naval officer who argued that no nation could prosper without a large fleet of ships engaged in international trade, protected by a powerful navy operating from overseas bases
Emilio Anguinaldo
-The leader of the Philippine War against American occupation
Foraker Act
-The Foraker Act of 1900 declared Puerto Rico an "insular territory" ,different from previous territories in the West.
-Its 1 million inhabitants were defined as citizens of Puerto Rico, not the United States, and denied a future path to statehood.
Anti-Imperialist League
-A union of writers and social reformers who believed American energies should be directed at home, businessmen fearful of the cost of maintaining overseas outposts, and racists who did not wish to bring non-white populations into the United States