Chapter 15: Energy metabolism

Question 1

keto diet

Answer 1

An alternative fuel source formed from fatty acids based on carbohydrate restriction

Question 2

Metabolism

Answer 2

All the life-sustaining chemical reactions that occur in living organisms

Question 3

primary fuel sources

Answer 3

glucose and fatty acids

Question 4

enzyme

Answer 4

Biological molecules (protein) that speed up a chemical reaction

Question 5

Coenzymes

Answer 5

Organic molecules that must be present for an enzyme to catalyze a chemical reaction
eg. vitamins

Question 6

differentiation between catabolism and anabolism

Answer 6

catabolism is the breakdown of large molecules inot smaller one (generates energy)
anabolism is the synthesis of largener molecules from smaller ones (release energy)

Question 7

adenosine triphosphate is defined as

Answer 7

cell energy currency

Question 8

cell

Answer 8

Smallest Functional Unit of Living Organisms

Question 9

four types of tissue type

Answer 9

connective
epithelial
muscle
nervous

Question 10

what is cellular respiration

Answer 10

process by which the energy stored in fuels (food) is transferred to ATP by a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions

Question 11

what are the three ways energy is released and used to produce atp

Answer 11

glycolysis
the citric acid cycle
electron transport chain (ETC)

Question 12

glycolysis

Answer 12

Breakdown of glucose in the cytosol

Question 13

the citric acid cycle

Answer 13

Oxidative pathway in the mitochondria that completes the oxidation of metabolic fuels

Question 14

The electron transport chain (ETC)

Answer 14

Pathway in which a series of electron carriers transfer electrons from one carrier to another

Question 15

NAD and FAD are — since it binds to enzymes for optimal reaction

Answer 15

coenzymes

Question 16

initial phase of glycolysis requires the ——- of ATP (overall 2)

Answer 16

breakdown

Question 17

how many ATP is produced in glycolysis

Answer 17

4

Question 18

what is the net of ATP in glycolysis

Answer 18

2

Question 19

End product of glycolysis

Answer 19

Pyruvate in cytosol

Question 20

pyruvate Insert into mitochondria
to form

Answer 20

Acetyl CoA

Question 21

Characteristics reactions in TCA

Answer 21

Redox

Question 22

TCA _pool of what?

Answer 22

Harvest electrons from compounds , as well as H+
(pool of both)

Question 23

What is the protons in intermembrane space Used for and who use it

Answer 23

to produce ATP and by the enzyme called ATP-Syntase

Question 24

Between Aerobic glycolysis and anaerobic glycolysis which one produce more ATP

Answer 24

Aerobic glycolysis

Question 25

what are the 3 ketones bodies that are oxidized from acetyl-coa

Answer 25

acetoacetate beta hydroxybutyrate acetone

Question 26

what could ketogenesis provide for your body when glucose is not available

Answer 26

alternative fuel source for the brain

Question 27

define lipolysis

Answer 27

breakdown of triglycerides to glycerol and fatty acids

Question 28

what is the process where fatty acids are oxidized

Answer 28

beta oxidation

Question 29

what are the two main process of beta oxidation

Answer 29

CoA activates fatty acid (needs energy) and two carbons are split from the chain to make acetyl CoA

Question 30

what happens to the acetyl CoA after beta oxidation?

Answer 30

it ents TCA

Question 31

what are the process used to store excess energy

Answer 31

Gluconeogenesis Lipogenesis

Question 32

process to use stored energy during fasting

Answer 32

lipolysis

Question 33

what are the hormones that regulate the energy storage

Answer 33

Insulin Glucagon Epinephrine

Question 34

diseases caused by erros of metabolism

Answer 34

Phenylketonuria (PKU) Maple syrup urine disease