Chapter 15 - Immune System 🦠

Question 1

The two types of immunity are ____ and ____ immunity.

Answer 1

innate (nonspecific); adaptive (specific)

Question 2

Which immune system are you born with?

Answer 2

innate immunity

Question 3

What is the function of a phagocyte?

Answer 3

to engulf and digest pathogens

Question 4

Name the three major types of phagocytes.

Answer 4

neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells

Question 5

What do B lymphocytes produce?

Answer 5

antibodies

Question 6

Cells that secrete perforins and granzymes are ____ and ____ cells.

Answer 6

Natural Killer (NK); Cytotoxic (Killer) T

Question 7

Helper T cells stimulate ____ cells and ____ cells by secreting ____.

Answer 7

B; Cytotoxic (Killer) T; cytokines

Question 8

A(n) _____ is a molecule recognized as foreign that triggers an immune response?

Answer 8

antigen

Question 9

The five classes of antibodies are ___, ___, ___, ___, and ___.

Answer 9

IgG; IgA; IgE; IgM; IgD

Question 10

Which antibody is secreted first in a primary response?

Answer 10

IgM

Question 11

Which antibody is found in secretions like tears and breastmilk?

Answer 11

IgA

Question 12

What is the function of IgG?

Answer 12

long-term immunity; secondary response

Question 13

What is the function of IgA?

Answer 13

protects mucosal surfaces

Question 14

What is the function of IgE?

Answer 14

triggers allergies; fights parasites

Question 15

What is the function of IgM?

Answer 15

first antibody made; primary response

Question 16

What is the function of IgD?

Answer 16

B cell receptor

Question 17

What are PAMPs?

Answer 17

Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns

Question 18

PAMPs are detected by ___-___ ____.

Answer 18

Toll-like receptors

Question 19

The complement system forms ____, enhances ____, and stimulates ____.

Answer 19

membrane attack pores; phagocytosis (opsonization); inflammation

Question 20

Monocytes become ____ after entering tissue.

Answer 20

macrophages

Question 21

The chemical that causes fever by resetting the hypothalamus is ____ ____.

Answer 21

endogenous pyrogen

Question 22

The antibody dominant in primary response is ___.

Answer 22

IgM

Question 23

The antibody dominant in secondary response is ___.

Answer 23

IgG

Question 24

Immune cells that do not require antigen presentation are ____ cells.

Answer 24

Natural Killer (NK)

Question 25

The immune structure that shrinks with age is the ____.

Answer 25

thymus

Question 26

_____ is the process of recognizing and targeting (tagging) invading particles for phagocytosis.

Answer 26

Opsonization

Question 27

During antibody opsonization, phagocytosis proceeds through four main steps: 1. Detecting _____ → 2. Engulfing _____ → 3. Digesting _____ → 4. Presenting _____.

Answer 27

antigen; pathogen; pathogen; antigen

Question 28

Within the complement system, the _____ pathway is triggered when an _____ binds to a pathogen.

Answer 28

classical; antibody

Question 29

Within the complement system, the _____ pathway directly by the presence of a _____.

Answer 29

alternative; pathogen

Question 30

Within the complement system, the _____ pathway is triggered _____ patterns on the surface of pathogens.

Answer 30

lectin; sugar