Chapter 18 - Digestive System 🍽️ Flashcards
(30 cards)
Carbohydrate (starch) digestion begins in the _____ with salivary _____.
mouth; amylase
The stomach mixes food with gastric juices to create _____.
chyme
_____ cells in the stomach secret protective mucus.
Goblet
_____ cells secrete HCl as well as intrinsic factor.
Parietal
Gastrin stimulates secretion of _____ from enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells.
histamine
Gastrin is released in response to ____ ____ and stomach _____.
amino acids; distension
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) converts ____ into _____ in the stomach.
pepsinogen; pepsin
Brush border enzymes complete the digestion of _____ and _____.
proteins; carbohydrates
The hormone that stimulates bile release from the gallbladder is _____.
cholecystokinin (CCK)
_____ emulsifies fats in the small intestine.
Bile
The organ that detoxifies blood and produces bile is the _____.
liver
The pancreas secretes four classes of digestive enzymes: ____, ____, ____, and ____.
proteases; amylase; lipases; nucleases
Parietal cells secrete ____ ____.
hydrochloric acid (HCl)
The ____ sphincter prevents food from entering the small intestine.
pyloric
Enteroendocrine cells sense ____ and ____ in the duodenum.
proteins; fats
_____ inhibits gastric secretion when stomach pH is too low.
Somatostatin
Most digestion and absorption occur in the ____ ____.
small intestine
Surface area in the small intestine is drastically increased by plica ____, ____, and ____.
circularis; villi, microvilli
_____ is the process of breaking down fat globules with bile.
Emulsification
_____ stimulates secretion of HCO₃⁻ (bicarbonate).
Secretin
Secretin is secreted in response to _____ chyme in the duodenum.
acidic
CCK is secreted in response to ____ or ____ in the small intestine.
fats; proteins
____ and ____ hormones both decrease gastric activity and stimulate insulin release.
GLP-1; GIP
The ____ intestine primarily functions to absorb water and vitamins.
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