Chapter 17 - Urinary System 🧻

Question 1

The functional unit of the kidney is the _____.

Answer 1

nephron

Question 2

The three main processes performed by kidneys are ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 2

filtration; reabsorption; secretion

Question 3

Filtration occurs at the _____.

Answer 3

glomerulus

Question 4

What is micturition?

Answer 4

urination

Question 5

The _____ muscle contracts the bladder.

Answer 5

detrusor

Question 6

What is the involuntary urine control muscle?

Answer 6

internal urethral sphincter

Question 7

What is the voluntary urine control muscle?

Answer 7

external urethral sphincter

Question 8

The _____ reflex prevents urination until ready.

Answer 8

guarding

Question 9

The _____ reflex triggers urination.

Answer 9

voiding

Question 10

A _____ is the kidney’s filtering unit.

Answer 10

nephron

Question 11

The hormone system activated by low BP is the ___-___-___ ___.

Answer 11

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

Question 12

____ ____ increases water reabsorption in the collecting duct via aquaporins.

Answer 12

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Question 13

_____ increases Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ secretion in the nephron.

Answer 13

Aldosterone

Question 14

The hormone secreted by the heart to lower blood volume is ____ ____ ____.

Answer 14

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

Question 15

Angiotensin II causes _____ and stimulates _____ release.

Answer 15

vasoconstriction; aldosterone

Question 16

The three forces affecting ultrafiltrate production are ____ ____ pressure, ____ pressure, and ____ pressure.

Answer 16

glomerular blood; osmotic; capsular

Question 17

What are the two types of nephrons?

Answer 17

cortical, juxtamedullary

Question 18

_____ cells release renin.

Answer 18

Juxtaglomerular

Question 19

The most common type of nephron (80%) is the _____ nephron.

Answer 19

cortical

Question 20

In kidney function, _____ is the movement of fluid from the _____ into the _____.

Answer 20

filtration; blood; tubule

Question 21

Filtration at the glomerulus is largely a _____ process with respect to what crosses into the tubule.

Answer 21

nonselective

Question 22

In kidney function, _____ is the movement of substances from the _____ back into the _____.

Answer 22

reabsorption; tubule; blood

Question 23

Reabsorption is a _____ process, deciding which substances are needed back into the blood.

Answer 23

selective

Question 24

In kidney function, _____ is the movement of substances from the _____ into the ____ after initial filtration.

Answer 24

secretion; blood; tubule

Question 25

Secretion is a _____ process that targets substances that need to be eliminated from the body.

Answer 25

selective

Question 26

What is excretion?

Answer 26

urine leaving body

Question 27

Filtration occurs in the _____.

Answer 27

glomerulus

Question 28

The _____ is the specialized capillary network responsible for filtration in the kidney.

Answer 28

glomerulus

Question 29

The ____ ____ surrounds the glomerulus and collects filtrate.

Answer 29

glomerulus capsule

Question 30

_____ is plasma minus proteins.

Answer 30

Ultrafiltrate

Question 31

The ____ ____ ____ refers to the amount of filtrate filtered per minute.

Answer 31

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Question 32

The normal GFR in adults is ___ L/day or ___ mL/min.

Answer 32

~180; 125

Question 33

Blood volume is filtered every ___ minutes.

Answer 33

40

Question 34

_____ are capillary pores.

Answer 34

Fenestrae

Question 35

____ ____ are crystals in the urinary tract.

Answer 35

Kidney stones

Question 36

Urine is most concentrated in the ____ ____ (especially with ____ ____ present).

Answer 36

collecting duct; Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Question 37

The ____ ____ ____ reabsorbs most glucose and amino acids.

Answer 37

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

Question 38

The ____ ____ system in the nephron loop concentrates urine.

Answer 38

countercurrent multiplier