Chapter 15 Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
(151 cards)
1
Q
Bones (oste)
A
provide the framework on which the body is
constructed, protect and support internal organs.
2
Q
Joints (arthritis/o, articul/o)
A
places where bones come together. The bones are joined with each other by ligaments.
3
Q
Muscles (my/o)
A
Whether attached to bones or to internal
organs and blood vessels, are responsible for movements. The
muscles attached to bones by tendons.
4
Q
osseous (bony) tissue.
A
Bones are organ composed chiefly of connective tissue
5
Q
Diaphysis
A
the shaft or middle region of
the bone.
6
Q
Epiphysis
A
each end of bone.
7
Q
Metaphysis
A
the flared portion of the
bone; it lies between epiphysis and
diaphysis.
8
Q
Epiphyseal line or growth plate
A
an area of cartilage tissue that is constantly replaced
by new bone tissue as the bone grows.
9
Q
Periosteum
A
strong, fibrous, vascular
membrane that covers the surface of bone.
10
Q
Compact (cortical) bone
A
layer of dense
and hard bone lies under the periosteum.
11
Q
Spongy (cancellous or trabecular) bone
A
porous and less dense.
12
Q
Bone head
A
Rounded end of the bone
13
Q
Condyle
A
Rounded knuckle like process
14
Q
Epicondyle
A
Small rounded process above the condyle
15
Q
Trochanters
A
Large and small process for tendon attachments
16
Q
Tuberosity/tubercle
A
Small round elevation where tendon and muscles attached
17
Q
Fissure
A
Narrow groove or slit like opening
18
Q
Foramen
A
Opening for blood vessels and nerves
19
Q
Fossa
A
Shallow cavity in or a bone
20
Q
Sinus
A
Hollow cavity within bone.
21
Q
Calc/o, calci/o
A
Calcium
22
Q
Decalcification
A
de- means lack of; calcification means calci/o calcium
calcium deposition .
23
Q
Kyph/o
A
humpback
24
Q
Kyphosis
A
This term indicates the hump on the back.
25
Lord/o
Curve
26
Lordosis
The normal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine becomes exaggerated.
27
Lumb/o
Loins, lower back
28
Lamin/o
Lamina
29
Laminectomy
Surgical removal of lamina and spinous
process of vertebra.
30
Myel/o
Bone marrow
31
Myelopoiesis
Production of bone marrow cells.
32
Oste/o
Bone
33
Osteitis
Inflammation of bone.
34
Orth/o
Straight
35
Orthopedics
Orth/O means straight and ped/o straight
means child. It is a specialty that focus on
musculoskeletal disease.
36
Scoli/o
Crooked, bent
37
Scoliosis
The spinal column is bent abnormally
to the side.
38
Spondyl/o
Vertebra
39
Spondylosis
Degeneration of the intervertebral
disks in the spinal column.
40
Vertebroplasty
Surgical repair of the vertebrae.
41
Clavicul/o
Clavicle, collar bone
42
Scaplu/o
Scapula, shoulder blade
43
Humer/o
Humerus, upper arm bone
44
Radi/o
Radius, radial bone, the outsider bone of arm
45
Uln/o
Ulna, forearm bone
46
Carp/o
Carpal bones, wrist bones
47
Metacarp/o
Metacarpal bones, hand bones
48
Phalang/o
Phalanges, fingers or toes
49
Acetabul/o
Acetabulum, hip socket
50
ili/o
Ilium, upper part of pelvic bone
51
Ischi/o
Ischium, posterior part of pelvic bone
52
Femur/o
Femur, thigh bone
53
Tibi/o
Tibia, bone of leg
54
Fibul/o
Fibula, leg bone outer
55
Malleol/o
Malleolus, process on each side of ankle
56
Tars/o
Tarsal, bones of hind foot
57
Metatars/o
Metatarsal, foot bone
58
Olecran/o
Olecranon, elbow
59
Patell/o
Patella, knee cap
60
Pelv/i
Pelvis, hipbone
61
Pub/o
Pubis, anterior part of the pelvis bone
62
Perone/o
Fibula
63
Crani/o
Cranium, without mandible
64
Stern/o
Sternum, breast bone, in the middle of chest
65
Cost/o
Ribs
66
Mandibul/o
Mandible, lower jawbone
67
Maxill/o
Maxilla, upper jawbone
68
Joint capsule
fibrous tissue surrounding a synovial joint.
69
Articular cartilage
Bones at the joints are covered with a smooth,
glistening white tissue called articular cartilage.
70
Synovial membrane
Lies under the joint capsule and lines the synovial cavity.
71
Synovial fluid
A special lubricating fluid produced by the synovial
membrane present in the synovial cavity.
72
Meniscus
It is a crescent shaped fibrocartilaginous structure that partly divides a joint cavity and act as a protective cushion.
73
Bursa
It is a closed sac of synovial fluid lined with the
synovial membrane that are located near the joint.
74
Tendon
It is a connective tissue structure that connects the muscle to the bone.
75
Ligaments
It is a connective tissue structure binding
bone with the bone
76
ankyl/o
stiff
77
Ankylosis
Stiffness of a joint
78
arthr/o
Joint
79
Arthroplasty
Surgical repair/replacement of a joint.
80
Arthrotomy
Creation of opening in the joint
81
articul/o
Joint, Articular cartilage
82
burs/o
bursa
83
Bursitis
Inflammation of bursa
84
chondr/o
cartilage
85
Achondroplasia
An inherited condition in which bones of
the arms and legs fail to grow to normal size because of a defect in cartilage and bone formation.
86
ligament/o
ligament
87
rheumat/o
Watery flow
88
synov/o
Synovial membrane
89
ten/o
tendon
90
tendin/o
tendon
91
-desis
To bind, tie together
92
Arthrodesis
surgical immobilization of a joint by fusion of the bones.
93
-stenosis
Narrowing
94
Spinal stenosis
Narrowing of the spinal canal
95
Striated muscles
The muscles are striated as they shows striations under
microscope (Striations means a series of ridges, furrows or linear marks)
96
Voluntary muscles
The muscles are in our conscious control
97
Skeletal muscles
The muscles attached with the bones
98
Smooth Muscles
They are smooth as they forms sheet of fiber with no
striations.
99
Involuntary muscles
These muscles are not in our conscious control
100
Visceral muscles
Visceral as they are present in the viscera (internal organs)
101
Cardiac muscles
are present only in heart
102
Flexion
Decreasing the angle between the two bones; bending a limb.
103
Extension
Increasing the angle between the two bones; straightening out a limb.
104
Abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body
105
Adduction
Movement toward the midline of the body
106
Rotation
Circular movement around an axis. Internal rotation is toward the center of the body and external rotation is away from the center of the body.
107
Dorsiflexion
Decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot moves upward, toward the knee or ceiling.
108
Plantar flexion
Motion that moves the foot downward toward the ground as when pointing the toes.
109
Supination
As applied to the hand and forearm, where the elbow is bent, the act of turning the palm up.
110
Pronation
As applied to the hand and forearm, where the elbow is bent, the act of turning the palm down.
111
fasci/o
Fascia, forms heaths envelope muscle
112
Fasciotomy
fascia is to cut relieve tension or pressure on muscles.
113
fibr/o
Fibrous connective
tissue
114
Fibromyalgia
chronic pain and stiffness in muscles
115
leiomy/o
Smooth (visceral)
muscles
that lines
the walls of internal organs
116
Leiomyoma
Benign tumor of smooth muscles
117
Leiomyosarcoma
Malignant tumor of
smooth muscles
118
My/o
Muscle
119
myocardia/o
Heart muscle
120
myos/o
Muscle
121
plant/o
Sole of the foot
122
rhabdomy/o
Skeletal muscle rhabdomy/o
(striated) muscle connected to bones
123
Rhabdomyoma
Benign tumor of skeletal muscles
124
Rhabdomysarcoma
malignant tumor of skeletal muscles
125
sarco/o
Muscle and flesh
126
Sarcopenia
loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging
127
-asthenia
Lack of strength
128
Myasthenia gravis
Muscles lose strength because of failure in transmission of the nerve impulse from the nerve to the muscle cells.
129
-trophy
Development, nourishment
130
Atrophy
Decrease in size of an organ and tissue
131
Hypertrophy
Increase in size of an organ and tissue
132
ab-
Away from
133
ad-
toward
134
dorsi-
Back
135
poly-
Many, much
136
Osteosarcoma
Malignant tumor arising from the bone tissue.
137
Osteomalacia
Softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone.
138
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of the bone marrow secondary to infection.
Osteomyelitis
139
Osteoporosis
Decrease in the bone density leads to thinning and the weakening of the bone.
140
Gouty arthritis
inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body.
141
Osteoarthritis
progressive, degenerative joint disease with inflammation and loss of articular cartilage.
142
Dislocation
displacement of a bone
from its joints.
143
Ganglionic cyst
Fluid- filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons.
144
Muscular dystrophy
group of inherited disease characterized by
progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system.
145
Arthrocentesis
Surgical; procedure to remove fluid from the joint space.
146
Arthrography
Taking X-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint.
147
Arthroplasty
Surgical repair or replacement of a joint.
148
Arthroscopy
Visual examination of a
joint with an arthroscope, which projects an image on a video monitor.
149
Bone scan
Uptake of radioactive substance is measure in the bone
150
Diskography
X-ray examination intervertebral disk after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus.
151
Electromyography
Recording the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation.
