Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
3 aspects of abnormal / disordered behaviour
A
Infrequent / deviates trim culturally accepted norms
Maladaptive
Personally distressful
2
Q
Maladaptive
A
Interferes with ability to function normally in everyday life
3
Q
Personally distressful
A
Individual is stressed or troubled
4
Q
It is a combination of _____ / ______ behaviours
A
Abnormal / disordered
5
Q
Disorders across cultures
A
Disorders are present across all cultures and regions
Depression and anxiety is usually most common
Some disorders are more common in one culture than others
6
Q
Schizophrenia means
A
The split mind
7
Q
Schizophrenia is characterized by
A
Disturbances in thought, processes, and emotions
8
Q
Positive symptoms
A
Things present that are usually not normally present
9
Q
Delusions
A
Abnormal thoughts
10
Q
Hallucinations
A
Distorted perceptions
Hearing voices
11
Q
Disorganized speech
A
Positive symptom
12
Q
Unusual behaviour
A
Positive behaviour
Such as twisting hair
13
Q
Negative symptoms
A
Things are not present when they should be
14
Q
The flat effect
A
Little or no emotional reaction
15
Q
Lack of engagement in normal activities
A
Negative symptom
Doesn’t bath, dress, make social connections
16
Q
Supernatural theories of mental illnesses
A
Attribute disorders to possession, the gods!
17
Q
Example of supernatural theory
A
Trephination
18
Q
Trephination
A
Drilling holes in the skull to release evil sprits
19
Q
Somatogenic theories of psych disorders
A
Attribute them to disruptions in physical functioning
20
Q
Examples of somatogenic theory’s
A
Ilness, genetics, brain damage
21
Q
Dopamine hypothesis
A
Schizophrenia involves an excess of dopamine
22
Q
Symptoms of schizophrenia can be reduced with
A
Antagonists
23
Q
Neauroanatomy
A
Means structures of the brain
24
Q
Schizophrenia patients show less activity in
A
The frontal lobe
25
Summary of somatogenic theories
Genetics play a role
Genetics don’t completely explain psychothapy
26
Anxiety disorders
Generalized anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Phobic disorder
27
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Excessive worrying, free floating anxiety
28
GAD must last for
At least 6 months
29
Physical symptoms of GAD
Muscle tension
Fatigue
Difficult sleep
30
How to reduce GAD
Benzodiazepines
31
Panic disorder
Sudden panic attacks occurs, often without warning or apparent cause
32
Panic disorder time and other disorders
A person must experience anxiety and avoidance behaviour related to the attack for one month
33
Cause and development to PD
Sensitivity to internal bodily or somatic cues
34
External cues
Places and reminders that may induce panic disorder
35
Agoraphobia
A fear of public places
36
Phobic disorder
Highly focussed fear of a specific object or situation
37
Psychgenetic theories of psych disorders
Disruptive patterns in cognitive functioning
Examples: traumatic or stressful experiences
38
Summary of psychogenic theories
Cognitive patterns serve to create, exaggerate, or reduce the symptoms of psychological disorder
39
The medial models assumptions (3 points)
Disorders can be classified by their symptoms
Disorders are caused by underlying “disease”
Disorders can be diagnosed and treated
40
Classifying psychological disorders
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition
DSM-5
41
Stigmas
May be a result of labelling people with psychological disorders
42
Roughly ___% of individuals with symptoms do not seek treatment
60
43
_____ May affect how we interpret a persons behaviour
Labels
44
May lead to viewing onselfs of _____ or _______
Flawed or hopeless
45
People believe, those with disorders may be ______
Violent
46
Obsessions
Persistent, upsetting, repetitive, and or intrusive thoughts
47
Compulsions
Ritualistic
| Repetitive behaviour
48
Mood disorders
Major depressive episode
Manic episode
Bipolar disorder
49
Major depressive episode (MDD)
Feeling of sadness, hopelessness
50
Anhedonia
Loss of interest or pleasure in things a person enjoys
51
Persistent depressive disorder
(PDD)
| Symptoms for 2 or more years
52
Double depression
PDD with bouts of MDD
53
Causes of major depressive episode (MDD)
Genetics
Neaurotransmitters / brain activity
Combinations of factors likely
54
Manic episode
Symptoms last at least one week
Presence of euphoria (elevated mood)
Symptoms not due to drugs or medical conditions
55
Bipolar disorder
Moods alternate between manic and depressive
56
Bipolar disorder one (BD1)
One manic episode, commonly worn depressive episode
57
Bipolar disorder 2 (BD2)
Hypomanic episode, with depressive episode
58
Bipolar disorder 3 (BD3)
Cyclothymia or alternating periods of hypomania and dysthymia for 2 years
59
Comorbidity
2 or more disorders in a single person
60
Where do psych disorders come from?
Environment/ social factors
61
Learned helplessness
Related failures in attempts to control the environment may produce a general sense of uncontrollability
62
The diathesis stress approach
Psychopathology results when a predisposition for a disorder combines with sufficient amount of stress to trigger symptoms
63
Personality disorders
Deeply ingrained, inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others or controlling impulse
64
3 clusters of personally disorders
1) odd / eccentric
2) dramatic / erratic
3) anxious / inhibited
65
Odd / eccentric
Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal
66
Paranoid
Distrust in others
67
Schizoid
Extreme introversion —> doesn’t like people
68
Schizotypal
Eccentric manner of speaking
Mild schizophrenia
69
Dramatic / erratic
Narcissistic
Histrionic
Boarderline
Antisocial
70
Narcissistic
Inflated sense of self importance
71
Histrionic
Attention seeking —> drama queen
72
Boarderline
Unstable mood
73
Antisocial
Lack of morals. Impulsive, illegal acts
74
Anxious / inhibited
Avoidant
Dependant
Obsessive
75
Avoidant
Socially anxious
76
Dependant
Submissive clingy
77
Obsessive compulsive
Orderly
78
Sociopathy
Anti society view, individuals, a product of the environment, sociopathic personality disorder
79
ASPD
Based on behavioural assessment
80
Psychopathy
Behavioural and affective components
81
A psychopath has a
Selfish orientation
Profound emotional deficit
Little or no conscious
82
Measuring psychopathy
PCL-R
83
PCL-R
20 items, 3 point scale
84
30/40
True psychopath
85
Biophyschosocial model
A model in which the interaction of biological, psychological, sociocultural factors is seen as influencing the development of the individual
86
Cathartic method
Breuer and Freuds method of making a patient recall and relive traumatic events
87
Etiology
The description of factors that contribute to the development of a disorder
88
Supernatural
Developing from origins beyond the visible observable universe
89
Somatogenisis
Developing from physical/ bodily orgins
90
Phychogensis
Developing from physiological orgins
91
Humorism
Greeks believe four bodily affected their health
Blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm
92
Medical model
Abnormal psychological experiences are conceptualized as illnesses that have biological and environmental causes, symptoms, and cures
93
Disthesis stress model
A person may be predisposed for a disorder until triggered by stress
94
Specific phobia
Irrational fear of particular objects or situations
Elevators
95
Specific phobia categories (5)
1) animals (dogs, snakes, rats)
2) natural environments (heights, darkness)
3) situations (bridges, tunnels)
4) blood injections and Injury
5) other phobias (choking, vomiting)
96
Biopsychological perspective
Explains mental disorders as the result of interactions among biological, psychological, and social factors
97
Social phobia
Irrational fear of being publicly embarrassed
98
Preparedness theory
Idea that people are instinctly predisposed toward certain fears
99
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Chronic physiological arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts or images of trauma, and avoidance of things that call traumatic even to mind
100
Dysthymia
Same aspects of depression although less severe and longer lasting
101
Catatonic behaviour
Decrease in all movement for a schizophrenia person
