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Psychology 121 > Chapter ___: Positive Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter ___: Positive Psychology Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

3 parts to happiness

A

Life satisfaction

Positive affect

Negative affect

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2
Q

Life satisfaction

A

Subjective judgment on how well your life is going

Using your own standards

Positively linked to SWB

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3
Q

Positive affect

A

Emotions like joy, happiness

Positively linked to SWB

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4
Q

Negative affect

A

Sadness, anger, anxiety

Negatively linked to SWB

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5
Q

Affect

A

Emotions

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6
Q

External causes of happiness

A

Money!

Need enough to meet basic needs

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7
Q

Social resources

A

We need people around us

Social relationships are neccecaey for happiness

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8
Q

Society in which we live in

A

External happiness

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9
Q

Internal cues of happiness

A

Temperament

Personality

Outlook

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10
Q

Temperament

A

Identical twins have similar levels

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11
Q

Personality

A

Extroverts experience more happiness

Those high in neuroticism experience more negative

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12
Q

Outlook

A

Cognitive appraisal of situation (glass half full)

Cultural influences of happiness

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13
Q

Resilience

A

Recover quickly from setbacks

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14
Q

Hedonic treadmill

A

Whatever we do, we are in the same place

Our emotions at first are different, then they get adjusted

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15
Q

Consequences of happiness

A

Health and longevity
Social relationships
Productivity
Citizenship

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16
Q

Health and longevity

A

When happy:

Stronger immune system
Less disease
Longer life

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17
Q

Social relationship

A

More stable and rewarding relationships

Better material and work outcomes

Receive and give supper to others

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18
Q

Productivity

A

Organizations more successful

Greater productivity

Higher earning

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19
Q

Citizenship

A

Happy, donate time and money

More likely to help others

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20
Q

How to become happier

A

See glass half full

Help others, Volenteer

Seek meaningful relationships

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21
Q

Solomon asch study

A

Line test for conformity

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22
Q

Line test outcomes

A

People would confirm to not stir the pot when wrong answered

On writing the answers would be right

Or if another person helped

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23
Q

Conformity

A

Change in behaviour that matches what others think or do

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24
Q

When people conform, their

A

Opinions, feelings, and behaviours move toward group norm

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25
Reasons for conformity Normative influence
Conforming because we won’t fit in or others might judge you
26
Informational influence
When we conform we want to be “right”, so we look at others
27
Descriptive norms
What we can observe other doing or what we think other do | People drinking when they aren’t
28
Obedience
A type of social influence or conformity, instructions from people of authority
29
Attitude
Positive or negative evaluation that may effect behaviour
30
CAB
Attitudes have cognitive, affective, and behavioural components
31
Cognitive
Knowledge about object
32
Affective
Feelings toward object
33
Behavioural
Predisposition to act toward object
34
Advertisements
Attempt to change your attitude, make you think, feel, or act toward something
35
Persuasion
Attitudes or beliefs influenced by a communication from another person
36
Two types of persusion
Central or systematic Peripheral or heuristic
37
Central or Systematic
Proves by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to reason Motivated to process messages with care and attention
38
Peripheral or heuristic
Attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeal to habit or emotion Appears when we are unmotivated or unable to process messages with care and attention
39
Cognitive dissonance
Tension produced when people recognize inconsistency in their actions, attitudes, or beliefs
40
3 ways to deal with cognitive dissonance
Change your cognition or attitude Add a justifying concept Change your behaviour itself
41
Blind spots
Self serving bias Cognitive fluency Sunk cost fallacy Confirmation bias
42
Self serving bias
Giving success to yourself but failure to others
43
Cognitive fallacy
Do or think things cause others do them | ie. skip school
44
Sunk cost fallacy
If you have already wait money, time, etc, it is better to leave instead of wasting more
45
Confirmation bias
Only search for evidence that supports you | “Sugar is bad”
46
Social cognition
Process by which people come to understand others
47
The _______ is activated when we think about other people’s attributes
Prefrontal cortex
48
We make inferences about others based on:
1) the catagories to which they belong | 2) the things they do and say
49
Stereotyping
Process by which people draw inferences about others based on their knowledge of the catagoires to which they belong
50
Stereotype features
Inaccurate, overused, self perpetuating, and automatic
51
Where we learn stereotypes
1) people that tell us things might not be accurate | 2) our own conclusions about others may be biased
52
Self perpetuating
Life of its own, hard to get rid of
53
Perpetual confirmation
When observes perceive what they expect to perceive
54
Self fulfilling prophecy
Tendency for people to cause what they expect to see (bad haircut)
55
Subtyping
Tendency for people who are faced with disconfimimg evidence to modify their stereotype rather than abandon
56
Stereotyping happens ______
Unconsciously Training helps us stop it
57
Groups
Collections of people work something in common We have a need to belong
58
The need to belong scale
Measures individuals ability to be apart of something
59
Ostracism
Exclusion from social groups
60
Social facilitation
We perform better in the presence of others
61
When does Social facilitation not work
Doing something unfamiliar or new, others make us perform worst
62
Social loafing
We exert less effort when in groups | Due to diffusion of responsibility
63
Group polarization
The judgement of a group tends to more extreme then that of any member
64
Common knowledge effect
Group tends to discuss things they all know, opposed to little things each person knows
65
Group think
The desire to reach a group consensus can lead to poor decisions
66
Causes of groupthink
Cohesion Isolation Biased leadership Desicional stress
67
Cohesion
Group thing only occurs in friends groups
68
Isolation
The more private the group, the more group think
69
Biased leadership
One person is too authoritative, may lead others to pressure conformity
70
Decisional stress
Time pressure and other stresses lead to quick poor decisions
71
What attracts us together (4 points)
Proximity Familiarity Similarity Reciprocity
72
Proximity
Like to form social relationships with those near or around you
73
Familiarity
Bring around those people often lead you to like them more
74
Mere exposure effect
The more we encounter someone or something the more likely we find it favourable or attractive
75
Similarity
We prefer mates who are physiologically like us. (Thoughts and beliefs)
76
Reciprocity
We tend to treat others the way they treat us
77
Equity
Important component of social relationships
78
Perceived social support
Related to greater well being (high positive emotions, low negative emotion)
79
Perceived social support
Unwanted and may be embarrassing or frustrating
80
Social identity theory
Groups influence their members self concepts and self esteem
81
Soci Meyer model
A conceptual analysis of self evaluation processes that theorizes self esteem function to psychologically monitor ones degree of inclusion and exclusion

Psychology 121 (6 decks)

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