Chapter 15 Quiz

Question 1

When allein principles remain constant, a population is in genetic equilibrium.

Answer 1

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Question 2

One expression of a particular trait symbolized by a single letter.

Answer 2

Allele

Question 3

Any change in allelic frequencies in a population.

Answer 3

Genetic Drift

Question 4

A group of individuals with a different allele frequency than the original population.

Answer 4

Founder Affect

Question 5

A population declines to a very low level and then rebounds.

Answer 5

Bottleneck

Question 6

Operates to eliminate extreme expressions of a trait when the average expression leads to higher fitness.(Selection against both extremes)

Answer 6

Stabilizing Selection

Question 7

Increases the expression of an extreme version of a trait and increases fitness.(Selection against one extreme)

Answer 7

Directional Selection

Question 8

Removes individuals with average traits, but retains individuals expressing extreme traits.(Selection against the mean.)

Answer 8

Disruptive Selection

Question 9

Drives change in the frequency of a trait based on the ability to attract a mate.

Answer 9

Sexual Selection

Question 10

Operate before fertilization occurs which prevent reproduction.

Answer 10

Prezygotic Isolation Mechanisms

Question 11

Operate after fertilization and ensure that the resulting offspring remains infertile.

Answer 11

Postzygotic Isolating Mechanisms

Question 12

Occurs when populations are divided by a physical barrier. Most common type of speciation according to scientists.

Answer 12

Allopatric Speciation

Question 13

Occurs without physical barrier; populations remain in close proximity. Common in plants.

Answer 13

Sympatric Speciation

Question 14

Takes place when a large number of species arise from a single common ancestor in response to an ecological opportunity.

Answer 14

Adaptive Radiation

Question 15

When evolution proceeds in small, gradual steps.

Answer 15

Gradualism

Question 16

Occurs in rapid spurts of genetic change, causing rapid speciation that punctuate long periods of little change.

Answer 16

Punctuated Equilibrium

Question 17

Directed breeding to produce offspring with desired traits.

Answer 17

Artificial Selection

Question 18

Cumulative change in a group of organisms through time.

Answer 18

Evolution

Question 19

Some competitors would be better equipped for survival than others, less equipped would die.

Answer 19

Natural Selection

Question 20

Newly evolved features, such as feathers, that do not appear in the fossils of common ancestors.

Answer 20

Derived Trait

Question 21

More primitive features, such as teeth and tails, that do not appear in ancestral forms.

Answer 21

Ancestral Trait

Question 22

Anatomically similar structures inherited from a common ancestor.

Answer 22

Homologous Sturucture

Question 23

Structures that are reduced forms of functional structures in other organisms.

Answer 23

Vestigial Structure

Question 24

Can be used for the same purpose and be superficially similar in construction, but are not inherited from a common ancestor.

Answer 24

Analogous Structure

Question 25

Early, pre-stage of an organism‘s development.

Answer 25

Embryo

Question 26

The field in which distribution of plants and animals around the world is studied.

Answer 26

Biogeography

Question 27

The measure of the relative contribution an individual trait makes to the next generation.

Answer 27

Fitness

Question 28

A suite of morphological adaptations that allow an organism to blend into its environment

Answer 28

Camouflage

Question 29

A type of morphological adaptation, where a species evolves to resemble other species.

Answer 29

Mimicry