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Intro to Biology > Macromolecule Test > Flashcards

Macromolecule Test Flashcards

1
Q

1:2:1 ratio of C:H:O

A

Carbohydrates

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2
Q

Adenine

A

A type of nitrogen containing base in both DNA and RNA.

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3
Q

Amino Acid

A

Carbon compound joined by peptide bonds; building block of proteins.

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4
Q

Carbohydrate

A

Organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom.

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5
Q

Cellulose

A

An insoluble substance which is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fibers such as cotton. It is a polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucose monomers.

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6
Q

Chitin

A

Tough, flexible polysaccharide in the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans and in fungal cell walls.

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7
Q

Cytosine

A

A type of nitrogen containing base in both DNA and RNA.

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8
Q

Dehydration Synthesis

A

A chemical reaction in which a water molecule is removed to complete the reaction.

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9
Q

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

A

DNA: contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce. Make up of DNA is random but the nucleotide pairs have to stay together and can’t mix.

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10
Q

Deoxyribose

A

A sugar contained in DNA with one less oxygen atom than Ribose.

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11
Q

Dipeptide

A

An amino acid chain linked by peptide bonds but with just two peptide bonds.

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12
Q

Disaccharide

A

A carbohydrate with two monosaccharides chemically bonded together.

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13
Q

Double Stranded

A

Twisted-ladder shape of DNA, formed by two nucleotide strands twisted around each other.

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14
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein that speeds up a biological reaction.

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15
Q

Fatty Acid

A

The building blocks of the fat in our bodies and in the food we eat.

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16
Q

Fructose

A

A type of carbohydrate that makes fruit sweet.

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17
Q

Galactose

A

A monosaccharide with the same chemical equation as glucose but differs in the position of one hydroxyl group.

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18
Q

Glucose

A

A monosaccharide.

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19
Q

Glycerol

A

A carbohydrate that is used to link lipids.

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20
Q

Glycogen

A

The stored form of glucose that’s made up of many connected glucose molecules.

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21
Q

Guanine

A

A type of nitrogen containing base in both DNA and RNA.

22
Q

Lactose

A

A type of carbohydrate that is found in dairy products.

23
Q

Lipid

A

A hydrophobic biological molecule composed of mostly carbon and hydrogen.

24
Q

Maltose

A

A disaccharide formed by chemically bonding two glucose molecules.

25
Q

Monosaccharide

A

The basic unit aka monomer of a carbohydrate.

26
Q

Nitrogen Containing Base

A

Found in the nucleotide which is the basic unit of DNA and RNA.

27
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

A complex macromolecule that stores and communicates genetic information.

28
Q

Nucleotide

A

A subunit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

29
Q

Oil

A

A type of Lipid.

30
Q

Peptide

A

An amino acid linked by a peptide bond.

31
Q

Peptide Bond

A

Links together amino acids, an amide-type of the covalent chemical bond.

32
Q

Phosphate Group

A

Found in a nucleic acid and contains phosphorus.

33
Q

Polypeptide

A

An amino acid chain linked by peptide bonds but with many peptide bonds.

34
Q

Polysaccharide

A

A complex carbohydrate aka polymer of the carbohydrate macromolecule.

35
Q

Primary Structure

A

The sequence of amino acids linked together to form a polypeptide chain.

36
Q

Protein

A

Organic compound made of amino acids joined by peptide bond; primary building block of organisms.

37
Q

Quaternary Structure

A

The association of several protein chains or subunits into a closely packed arrangement

38
Q

Ribonucleic Acid

A

RNA: Guides protein synthesis.

39
Q

Ribose

A

A pentose sugar found in ribonucleic acid with 5 Carbon atoms, 10 Hydrogen Atoms, and 5 Oxygen Atoms

40
Q

Saturated

A

A saturated fat is a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all single bonds. In the diagram, it will branch off into like a 45 degree angle.

41
Q

Secondary Structure

A

Regular, local structure of the protein backbone, stabilized by intramolecular and sometimes intermolecular hydrogen bonding of amide groups.

42
Q

Single Stranded

A

RNA= single helixed

43
Q

Starch

A

A complex carbohydrate aka polymer or polysaccharide found in foods such as potatoes.

44
Q

Sucrose

A

Made up of glucose and fructose aka Sugar.

45
Q

Tertiary Structure

A

The overall 3D arrangement of its polypeptide chain in space.

46
Q

Thymine

A

A type of nitrogen containing base found only in DNA and not RNA.

47
Q

Tripeptide

A

An amino acid chain linked by peptide bonds but with just three peptide bonds.

48
Q

Unsaturated

A

An unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain.

49
Q

Uracil

A

A type of nitrogen containing base found only RNA and not DNA

50
Q

Wax

A

A type of Lipid.

Intro to Biology (10 decks)

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