Chapter 15 terms

Question 1

Absorption

Answer 1

the transfer of nutrients from the intestines to the cells

Question 2

anatomy

Answer 2

the study of body structure

Question 3

biology

Answer 3

the study of all life forms

Question 4

body systems

Answer 4

groups of organs that perform specific functions in the human body

Question 5

bowel elimination

Answer 5

the physical process of releasing or emptying the colon or large intestine of solid waste (stool or feces)

Question 6

cells

Answer 6

the basic structural units of all organisms

Question 7

chyme

Answer 7

semiliquid substance made as a result of the chemical breakdown of food in the stomach

Question 8

colon

Answer 8

the large intestine

Question 9

colostomy

Answer 9

surgically created opening through the abdominal wall into the large intestine to allow feces to be expelled

Question 10

Constipation

Answer 10

the inability to eliminate stool, or the infrequent, difficult, and often painful elimination, of hard dry stool.

Question 11

Crohn’s disease

Answer 11

a disease that causes the lining of the digestive tract to become inflamed

Question 12

defecation

Answer 12

the process of eliminating feces from the rectum through the anus

Question 13

diarrhea

Answer 13

frequent elimination of liquid or semiliquid feces

Question 14

digestion

Answer 14

the process of converting food so that it can be absorbed into the blood and used by body tisues

Question 15

diverticulitis

Answer 15

inflammation of sacs that develop in the wall of the large intestine due to diverticulosis

Question 16

diverticulosis

Answer 16

a disorder in which sac-like pouching develops in weakened areas of the wall of the large intestine

Question 17

Duodenum

Answer 17

the first part of the small intestine, where the common bile duct enters

Question 18

Electrolytes

Answer 18

chemical substances that are essential to maintain fluid balance and homeostasis

Question 19

elimination

Answer 19

the process of expelling waste

Question 20

enema

Answer 20

a specific amount of water or other fluid, with or without an additive, introduced to the colon to stimulate the elimination of stool

Question 21

fecal impaction

Answer 21

a mass of dry, hard stool that remains packed in the rectum and cannot be expelled

Question 22

fecal incontinence

Answer 22

an inability to control the muscles of the bowels

Question 23

feces

Answer 23

solid body waste excreted through the anus from the large intestine

Question 24

Flatulence

Answer 24

air in the intestine that is passed through the rectum; gas

Question 25

fracture pan

Answer 25

A bedpan that is flatter than a regular bedpan is used for small people or people who can't lift their buttocks onto a standard one.

Question 26

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer 26

a chronic condition in which liquid contents of the stomach back up into the esophagus

Question 27

gastrointestinal tract

Answer 27

a continuous tube from the opening of the mouth all the way to the anus, where waste is eliminated

Question 28

heartburn

Answer 28

a condition resulting from weakening the sphincter muscle that joins the esophagus and the stomach.

Question 29

hemorrhoids

Answer 29

enlarged veins in the rectum that can cause itching, burning, pain, and bleeding

Question 30

homeostasis

Answer 30

the condition in which all of the body's systems are balanced and are working at their best

Question 31

ileostomy

Answer 31

surgically creating opening into the end of the small intestine, the ileum, to allow feces to be expelled

Question 32

ingestion

Answer 32

the process of taking food or fluids into the body

Question 33

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Answer 33

a chronic condition of the large intestines that is worsened by stress

Question 34

malabsorption

Answer 34

a condition in which the body cannot absorb or digest a nutrient

Question 35

occult

Answer 35

hidden

Question 36

organ

Answer 36

a structural unit in the human body that performs specific functions

Question 37

ostomy

Answer 37

surgical creation of an opening from an area inside the body to the outside

Question 38

pathophysiology

Answer 38

the study of the disorders that occur in the body

Question 39

peristalsis

Answer 39

muscular contractions that push food through the gastrointestinal tract

Question 40

physiology

Answer 40

the study of how body parts function

Question 41

portable commode

Answer 41

a chair with a toilet seat and a removable container underneath.

Question 42

rectal suppository

Answer 42

a medication in a cylindrical shape that is given rectally to cause a bowel movement

Question 43

specimen

Answer 43

a sample, such as tissue, blood urine, stool, or sportsmen, used to diagnose

Question 44

stoma

Answer 44

an artificial opening of the body

Question 45

tissues

Answer 45

a group of cells that performs similar tasks

Question 46

ulcerative colitis

Answer 46

a chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine

Question 47

urostomy

Answer 47

surgical opening for passage of urine