test 5 Flashcards
(66 cards)
What is the primary structure of the endocrine system?
Made of glands in different areas of the body: Pituitary, thyroid, Parathyroids, Adrenals, Pancreas, Ovaries (in females), testes (in males)
What are the main functions of the endocrine system?
Maintain homeostasis through hormone secretion, influence growth and development, regulate levels of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphate, maintain blood sugar levels, regulate reproduction, determine energy metabolism
What changes occur in the endocrine system due to aging?
Decreased levels of estrogen and progesterone, decreased testosterone levels in males, decreased insulin production, reduced ability to handle stress
What is diabetes?
A condition in which the pancreas does not produce insulin or enough insulin, leading to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar)
Define hypothyroidism.
A condition in which the body lacks thyroid hormone, causing the body to slow down
What is hyperthyroidism?
A condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone
What are some guidelines for the care of a patient with diabetes?
Frequent skin care, observe skin carefully, encourage exercise, report pain, perform foot care, wear supportive shoes, follow dietary instructions, track special tests, perform blood glucose tests if trained
What should be included in daily foot care for diabetic patients?
Inspect and clean feet daily, avoid harsh soaps and hot water, always dry feet, never cut toenails, use doctor-recommended cream
What structures are part of the immune and lymphatic systems?
Lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland
What are the main functions of the immune system?
Protect against foreign substances and pathogens, return extra fluid to circulatory system, store blood, remove excess fluids and waste
What changes occur in the immune system due to aging?
Weakened immune system, increased infection risk, slowed antibody response, decreased T-cells, reduced vaccine response
What is an opportunistic infection?
An illness caused by microorganisms that do not affect healthy immune systems but can cause disease in those with weakened immune systems
What guidelines should be followed for cancer care?
Follow standard precautions, skin care, mouth care, nutrition, monitor mobility, vital signs, self-image, and emotional needs
What are some key factors affecting rehabilitation and restorative care?
Timing of rehabilitation, pre-existing conditions, resident motivation, facility type, staff and family efforts, rehabilitation team attitude, consistency in care plan
What are some complications of immobility?
Constipation, UTI, pressure injuries, blood clots, pneumonia, muscle atrophy, depression or insomnia, weight gain
What are assistive devices mentioned for mobility support?
Canes, walkers, crutches
where is the PEG tube placed
Placed through the abdominal wall into the stomach for feeding
What is the significance of pulse oximetry?
Measures blood oxygen level and pulse rate
What is telemetry in cardiac monitoring?
Application of a device that transmits heart rhythm and rate information to monitoring stations
What are the stages of grief?
- Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance
What rights do dying residents have?
Right to visitors, privacy, be free from pain, honest information, refuse treatment
What are some guidelines for caring for a dying patient?
Ventilated room, frequent skin care, help with breathing, pain control, respect diminished senses
What changes occur to the body after death?
Partially open eyelids, fixed stare, fixed and dilated pupils, dropped jaw, urinary and fecal incontinence
What should be considered in postmortem care?
Awareness of religious and cultural practices, instructions from the nurse, use of a shroud kit
