Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychology > Chapter 15 - Treatment of Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - Treatment of Psychological Disorders Flashcards

(113 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

All forms of psychotherapy involve interactions between the practitioner and client

A

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Biological therapies

A

Treatment based on medical approaches to illness and disease. These therapies are based on the idea that mental disorders are the result of abnormalities in neural and bodily processes - like an imbalance of neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of biological treatments?

A

Drugs, electrical stimulation of the brain, surgical intervention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Psychopharmacology

A

The use of medications that affect brain or body function. They are affective in the short term.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nonbiological treatments are more effective for some disorders in the long term

A

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

For many disorders, the recent focus has been on combining biological therapies with other approaches to find the best treatment for each patient

A

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Each theory about a mental disorder includes treatment strategies that are based on the theory’s assumptions about the causes of mental disorders

A

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Treatment is based on what?

A

What we think are the CAUSES of mental disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Etiologies

A

The causes of mental disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Psychotherapy is aimed at what?

A

Changing patterns of thought or of behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Eclectic approach

A

Using a variety of techniques that seem appropriate for a given client

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Free association

A

Freud came up with this. You basically talk about whatever comes to mind and the therapist looks out for signs of unconscious conflicts, especially when the client seems resistant to talking about certain subjects. Eventually as you talk, unconscious desires and fears will come out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dream analysis

A

Freud came up with this. You interpret the hidden meaning of the client’s dream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Insight

A

The goal of psychoanalysis: a patient’s awareness of his or her own unconscious psychological processes and how these processes affect daily functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Psychodynamic therapy

A

Examining the patient’s needs, defenses, and motives as a way of understanding why the patient is distressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Most proponents of psychodynamic theory embrace what?

A

Freud’s talking therapy - however, the talking tends to be more conversational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Some features of psychodynamic therapy?

A

Examining client’s avoidance in distressing thoughts, looking for recurring themes and patterns in thoughts and feelings, discussing early traumatic experiences, focusing on interpersonal relations and childhood attachments, examining dreams, emphasizing relationship between therapist and client

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Weak evidence that psychodynamic therapy works. What’s a problem with it?

A

It takes many years… It may help people with borderline personality disorder, it’s not effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A study found that it makes people feel positive to express their emotions and emotional events

A

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Talking about emotions and emotional events help boost immune function

A

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Client-centered therapy

A

An empathetic approach to therapy; it encourages people to fulfill their individual potentials for personal growth through greater self-understanding. The therapist creates a safe and comforting setting, accepts the client with unconditional positive regard, and takes the client’s perspective. Helps people access their true feelings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Reflective listening

A

The therapist repeats the client’s concerns to help the person clarify his or her feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Motivational interviewing

A

Uses a client centered approach over a very short period of time (like 1 or 2 interviews) motivational interviewing is helpful for drug and alcohol abusers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Behavior therapy

A

Treatment based on the premise that behavior is learned and therefore can be unlearned through the use of classical and operant conditioning. Desired behaviors are rewarded. Unwanted behaviors are ignored or punished.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Social skills training
The therapist will model appropriate social behavior and the client is encouraged to imitate the behavior, rehearse it in therapy, and later apply the learned behavior to real world situations
26
Modeling
The therapist acts out an appropriate behavior. The client is encouraged to imitate the observed behavior, rehearse it in therapy, and later apply the behavior to real world situations. It's a form of observational learning
27
Cognitive therapy
Treatment based on the idea that distorted thoughts produce maladaptive behaviors and emotions; treatment strategies attempt to modify these thought patterns
28
Cognitive restructuring
A therapy that strives to help patients recognize the maladaptive thought patterns and replace them with ways of viewing the world that are more in tune with reality
29
Rational-emotive therapy
Through this approach, a therapist acts as a teacher, explaining the client's errors in thinking and demonstrating more adaptive ways to think and behave
30
Interpersonal therapy
Focuses on circumstances - namely relationships the client attempts to avoid. This approach integrates cognitive therapy with psychodynamic insight therapy. Interpersonal therapy developed out of psychodynamic ideas on how people relate to one another, but it uses cognitive therapy with psychodynamic insight therapy. Involves exploring interpersonal experiences and relationships
31
Mindfulness based cognitive therapy
Mindfulness based cognitive therapy is based on principles derived from mindfulness meditation; it helps clients be aware of their negative thoughts and feelings and help people disengage from ruminative thinking through meditation. It's effective for depression sufferers
32
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Incorporates techniques from cognitive therapy and behavior therapy to correct faulty thinking and change maladaptive behaviors
33
Exposure
A cognitive-behavioral therapy that involves repeated exposure to an anxiety producing stimulus or situation... Most cognitive behavioral therapies have people engage in exposure
34
Exposure and response prevention
If the client is not permitted to avoid the stimulus they fear and have to be exposed to the fear, the client's avoidance response is eventually extinguished
35
Systematic desensitization
The therapist exposes the client to increasingly anxiety producing situations by having the client imagine them and then teaching the client to relax at the same time. Exposure and systematic desensitization are reliable treatments for phobias
36
Group therapy
Less expensive, helps ppl share emotions and learn social skills and learn from each other
37
How many client's is ideal in group therapy
About 8
38
What types of group therapy are best when structured??
Bulimia and OCD
39
Systems approach
An individual is part of a larger system. Any change in that individual will affect the system they're part of (especially family)
40
Recovering alcoholics = family therapy is good because when the alcoholic gives us drinking thy will be irritable and the family should be aware of that
.
41
Family therapy is good for whom?
Schizophrenics
42
Expressed emotion
A pattern of negative actions by a client's family members. The pattern includes critical comments, hostility directed towards the client by family members, and emotional overinvolvement
43
Some cultures like China are less accepting of psychotherapy
.
44
Psychotropic medications
Drugs that affect mental processes. They act by changing brain neurochemistry. They can inhibit action potentials or alter synaptic transmission to increase or decrease the action of particular neurotransmitters
45
Psychotropic medications fall into what categories?
1. Anti-anxiety drugs 2. Antidepressants 3. Antipsychotics
46
Anti-anxiety drugs
A class of psychotropic medications used for treatment of anxiety. They are used in the short-term treatment of anxiety and can be highly addictive and make you drowsy. They DO help you feel more relaxed though. This includes Benzodiazepines. These drugs increase the activity of GABA.
47
Antidepressants
A class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment of depression. They are often used for anxiety disorders too. Some antidepressants are monoamine oxidase inhibitors - they create MORE serotonin and increase dopamine. Tricyclic antidepressants - result in more neurotransmitters. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) - best known is Prozac. They inhibit the reuptake of serotonin - so they INCREASE serotonin
48
Antidepressants typically do what?
INCREASE SEROTONIN
49
Criticism of SSRIs
They have side effects
50
Antipsychotics
Used to treat schizophrenia and other disorders that involve psychosis
51
What do antipsychotics do?
Reduce hallucinations and delusions
52
Side effects of antipsychotics?
Tardive diskinesia
53
Tardive diskinesia
The involuntary twitching of muscles which can be irreversible. Antipsychotics are not good at treating the negative effects of schizophrenia and can actually make them worse
54
Lithium
Most effective drug for bipolar disorder
55
Anticonvulsants
Stabilize bipolar disorder
56
What about people that don't respond to treatment - not psychotherapy nor medication
They use alternatives like brain surgery, the use of magnetic fields, and electrical stimulation
57
Trepanning
Making a hole in someone's head to let spirits out
58
Psychosurgery was a thing in the early 1900s
.
59
Lobotomy
Removing parts of prefrontal cortex which makes people listless and have flat effect
60
Electroconvulsive therapy
A procedure that involves administering a strong electrical current to the patients brain to produce a seizure. It is effective in some cases of severe depression.
61
What is Electroconvulsive therapy helpful for (ECT)?
SEVERE DEPRESSION
62
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
Delivering an electrical current that produces a magnetic field - may be useful for depression
63
There is single pulse TMS and repeated TMS
.
64
Deep brain stimulation (DBS)
Implanting electrodes surgically into the brain. It's used to treat Parkinson's disease and was relatively effective with few complications - we may be able to use this to treat OCD and depression!!
65
Additional methods of therapy?
Scream therapy, reenacting your own birth, using hypnosis to remember bad memories,
66
Types of psychologists who provide treatment
Clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, counseling psychologists, physiatrist social workers,
67
Technology-based treatments
Use minimal contact with therapists and rely on smartphones; computer programs, or the Internet to provide some form of psychological treatment
68
Specialized practitioners who help with psychological problems?
Clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, counseling psychologists, psychiatric social workers, psychiatric nurses, and paraprofessionals
69
What disorders are their highly effective treatments for?
Anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and sexual dysfunction
70
Few treatments for alcoholism are helpful
.
71
People who experience depression after death of a loved one usually can resolve the depression on their own over time without treatment
.
72
Randomized clinical trials
Good research to establish whether a particular treatment is effective
73
Evidence based treatments
Psychological disorders should always be treated in ways that scientific research has shown effective
74
What are evidence based treatments vs just any treatment?
Psychological treatments = evidence based treatment Psychotherapy = any form of therapy
75
What characterize psychological treatments?
1. Treatments vary according to the particular mental disorder and the client's specific psychological symptoms 2. The techniques used in these treatments have been developed in the laboratory by psychologists, especially behavioral, cognitive, and social psychologists. 3. No overall grand theory guides treatment.. Instead, treatment is based on evidence of its effectiveness
76
What kind of therapy is best for anxiety disorders?
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
77
What drugs are useful in anxiety?
Generalized anxiety is treated well with drugs that block reuptake of serotonin (and therefore increase serotonin)
78
What treatments don't treat anxiety well??
Anxiety reducing medications only decrease anxiety in the long term - and they make you drowsy and they're addictive
79
What's the best treatment for phobia?
Behavioral therapy
80
What else helps treat phobias?
Systematic desensitization
81
Fear hierarchy
When client makes a list of situations in which fear is aroused in ascending order
82
Exposure to feared objects defeats the phobia rather than relaxation techniques
.
83
Virtual environments
Exposing the client to their phobia virtually thru like a computer
84
Cognitive therapy for phobia
Help the client realize it's irrational
85
Medical treatments for phobia?
Tranquilizers- they only work in short term tho
86
Panic disorder treatment?
Cognitive therapy helps - it teaches you how to stop anticipating danger Cognitive behavioral therapy is VERY helpful
87
Exposure treatment to the trigger also helps panic disorder
.
88
Legit definition of agoraphobia
Being afraid of enclosed spaces OR open spaces
89
What's the BEST treatment for panic disorder?
Cognitive behavioral therapy
90
What are good treatments for OCD?
SSRIs Cognitive behavioral therapy (especially exposure and response) Clomipramine (drug of choice for OCD) *** the use of exposure and response cognitive behavioral therapy IS MORE EFFECTIVE Than clonipramine, the drug of choice for OCD** Deep brain stimulation is a possibility of helping people with OCD
91
What are good treatments for depression??
Iproniazid (a MAO inhibitor) initially a treatment for tuberculosis but ended up increasing energy levels and appetite and gave people an overall sense of well being... Problem with iproniazid is that it can be lethal if you eat or drink something with tyramine in it Tricyclics - very effective - but they have bad side effects like drowsiness, weight gain, sweating, constipation, heart problems, dry mouth, etc. Prozac (an SSRI) - it sometimes causes weight loss, sexual dysfunction, headaches, etc. Prozac and SSRIs are more often prescribed because they don't have as severe side effects as tricyclics and MAO inhibitors Bupropion - less side effects Cognitive behavioral therapy - just as effective as drugs for treating depression... Depression happens because people have automatic, irrational negative thoughts
92
Why is medical treatment of depression controversial?
People believe it helps treat symptoms of depression without treating the underlying cause of the depression
93
The issue is not drugs vs psychotherapy.. It's which treatment is best for the individual!
.
94
seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
They experience bouts of depression during winter
95
What can treat SAD?
Phototherapy - exposure to a high-intensity light source for part of each day
96
Aerobic exercise helps depression
.
97
ECT
Effective treatment for severe depression
98
Electroconvulsive therapy side effects?
A high relapse rate, memory impairments,
99
TMS vs ECT
TMS is effective even for patients who have not responded to treatment with antidepressants
100
Deep brain stimulation is good for
Depression and OCD
101
What's the most effective for bipolar disorder?
Lithium!!! Side effects include thirst, hand tremors, excessive urination, and memory problems.
102
Schizophrenia treatments
Reserpine - a toxic herb - effective antipsychotic Chlorpromazine - major tranquilizer, reduces anxiety, sedated Haloperidol - Extx
103
Social skills training
An effective way to address some deficits in patients with schizophrenia- helps patients recognize social cues and predict the effects of their behavior in social situations
104
Cognitive behavioral therapy is helpful in schizophrenia
.
105
Schizophrenics get better as they get older
.
106
Most effective treatment for schizophrenia?
The use of both drugs and psychosocial interventions
107
People with personality disorders are super difficult to treat
.
108
Dialectical Behavior Therapy
A form of therapy used to treat Borderline Personality Disorder - combines elements of the behavioral and cognitive treatments with a mindfulness approach based on Eastern meditative practices
109
Conduct disorder
A childhood condition known to be a precursor to antisocial personality disorder
110
SSRIs make increased suicidal thoughts in kids and adolescents
.
111
ADHD is treated by
Methylphenidate or Ritalin
112
Applied behavioral analysis
An intensive treatment for autism based on operant conditioning
113
Psychotherapy
The generic name given to formal psychological treatment

Psychology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions