chapter 16 Flashcards
(39 cards)
what is Continuity Hypothesis?
- insanity and mental illnesses should not be used
- mental disorder best viewed as continuum that varies between mental health to mental illnesses
how common is it for people to have mental illnesses
1 out of every 5 Canadians suffer from a mental disorder. probably more than 20% in North America
list the different types of Abnormal
- Distress or Disability/Dysfunction (social, cognitive, occupation)
- Maladaptivness-hinderance based on behaviour or thoughts
3.Irrationality(hearing voices) - Unpredictability
(2,3,4 examine dysfunction) - Unconventioanltiy and Statistical Rarity
- Observer discomfort
- Violation of moral and ideal standards
what is Psychopathological Functioning ?
involves disruptions in emotional, behavioural, or thought processes that lead to personal distress or that block one’s ability to achieve important goals
what is Abnormal Psychology ?
area of psychological investigation most directly concerned with understanding the nature of individual pathologies of mind, mood, and behaviour
what is Psychological Theories ?
psychological factors like stress caused problems
what are Supernatural Theories?
early views linked psychological disorders with evil
this resulted in more harmful treatments like exorcism, drinking foul concoctions, witches put to death, trephining
what are Biological Theories ?
Ancient Greece: four humours of body-excess black bile leads to depression, excess yellow bile leads to irrabiltiy
how were mental illnesses viewed in the past?
- views that disorders reflected disease or sickness
- classification systems given medical basis
what is Etiology?
the factors that cause or contribute to the development of psychological and medical problems
biological approaches…
assume structural abnormalities, biochemical processes, and genetic inflrucnes
psychological approaches…
focus on personal experiences, traumas, conflicts, and environmental factors as roots of disorders
psychological diagnosis ?
a label given to an abnormality by classifying and categorizing the observed behaviour pattern into an approved diagnostic system
what 3 things should Diagnostic Systems involve ?
a. common shorthand language
b. understanding of causality
c treatment plan
whats a Clinical Disorder?
these mental disorders present symptoms or patterns of behavioural or psychological problems that typically are painful or impair an area of functioning
what are Personality Disorders and Mental Retardations?
these are dysfunctional patterns of perceiving and responding to the world
what are General Medical Conditions ?
this axis codes physical problems relevant to understanding or treating an individual’s physiological disorders on Axes 1 and 2
what are Psychpsocial and Environmental Problems?
stressors that may affect the diagnosis and treatment of an individuals disorder and the likelihood of recovery
what is an Anxiety Disorder?
class of disorders that involves anxiety that interferes with ability to function effectively
what are thr 5 major categories of anxiety disorders ?
- Share emotional (fear)
- Physiological (heart racing)
- Cognitive (too afraid to come to class)
- Behavioural symptoms (avoidance)
what are Social Phobias?
public situations involving being observed by others
what are Specific Phobias?
related to types of objects or situations
what are the 4 causes of Anxiety Disorders?
- Biological: evolutionary preparedness, neurotransmitter GABA, neurimaging
- Psychodynamic: anxiety stems from underlying psychic conflicts or are substitutions for forbidden impulses
- Behavioural: anxiety linked to reinforcement or conditioning, disorder may be maintained by reinforcement contingencies
- Cognitive: focus on perceptual processes, attitudes, interpretations that distort estimates of danger or fear
list some of the characteristics of Major Depressive Disorder?
- dysphoric mood
- appetite
- sleep
- motor activity
- guilt
- concentration
- sucide
