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Anatomy/Physiology > Chapter 16-17 > Flashcards

Chapter 16-17 Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

What is the name given to the neurons that monitor carbon dioxide levels in the blood and are located in the carotid and aortic arteries

A

Chemoreceptors

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2
Q

A ______ blood vessel with a ____ diameter would have the greatest resistance to blood flow

A

Long

Small

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3
Q

Pulmonary circulation goes from the ____ _______ to the ____ _____

A

Right ventricle

Left atrium

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4
Q

Which blood vessels contain blood with the highest oxygen content

A

Pulmonary veins (arteries)

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5
Q

From which major blood vessel do all systematic vessels branch

A

Aorta

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6
Q

Which circulatory route brings blood to the tissues and back to the heart

A

Systemic circulatory

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7
Q

Which circulatory path carries blood rich in substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract

A

Hepatic portal circulation

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8
Q

___ ___ the heart have the lowest blood pressure

A

Veins closest

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9
Q

Vascular resistance is primarily due to which factor

A

Friction between the blood walls

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10
Q

When the left ventricle contracts, what term is given to the pressure in arteries that is generated

A

Systolic

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11
Q

In fetal circulation, which structure connects the fetal pulmonary trunk to the aorta, allowing much blood to bypass the lungs

A

Ductus arteriosus

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12
Q

Stimulation of the ____ would cause the heart rate to decrease

A

Vagus nerve

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13
Q

In the fetus, what is the opening that allows blood to pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium

A

Foramen ovale

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14
Q

With aging, cardiac muscle fibers _____ in size

A

Decrease

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15
Q

The fetal circulation differs from the adult circulation because of which organ system that is nonfunctional

A

Lungs (respiratory system)

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16
Q

As blood passes from the superior and inferior vena cavae to the lungs, it moves through the ____ ___ to the ____ ____ and out through the ______

A

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary trunk

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17
Q

Carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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18
Q

Vessels with high blood pressure

A

Arteries

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19
Q

Vessels with the fastest flow

A

Arteries

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20
Q

Vessels that exchange food and waste between blood and tissues

A

Capillaries

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21
Q

Vessels that return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream

A

Lymphatic vessels

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22
Q

Vessels with the slowest blood flow

A

Capillaries

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23
Q

Vessels with a thick muscle layer

A

Arteries

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24
Q

Vessels with very thin walls, only have a single layer of cells

A

Capillaries

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25
Vessel with the smallest internal diameter
Capillaries
26
Vessels with a very thin muscle layer
Veins
27
Vessel that exhibit a pulse
Arteries
28
Vessels that bring blood to almost every cell in the body
Capillaries
29
Known as exchange vessels
Capillaries
30
What are the cells that migrate to the thymus and when mature are able to attach microbes directly
T-cells
31
What name is given to blood flow from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary circulation
32
Blood pressure is measured by listening for a constricted ____ to pop open
Artery
33
The backward flow of fluid in veins and lymphatic a is prevented by ____
Valves
34
The most important function of the circulatory system is to ______ materials to and from all cells
Transport
35
Which layer of an artery contains thick smooth muscle
Middle layer
36
Venous blood returns to the heart due to ____ movements and skeletal muscular contractions
Diaphragm/breathing
37
Name several blood vessels commonly used to take the pulse
Radial, carotid, brachial, popliteal, and dorsal
38
What are the two main methods of capillary exchange
Filtration and reabsorption
39
Blood pressure is read with a ____
Sphygmomanometer
40
Blood typically flows from the heart first to ____, the to ____, then to ____
Arteries Capillaries Veins
41
What is the structure whose main function is exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue
Capillaries
42
Where is the cardiovascular center located
Medulla
43
The force in which blood pushes against arterial walls during ventricular contraction is called _____ blood pressure
Systolic
44
The hollow center of blood vessels through which blood flows
Lumen
45
Lymph is very similar to this body fluid
Interstitial
46
Structurally, lymphatic vessels most resemble these vessels of the body
Veins
47
Which blood pressure would be considered to be normal
108/68
48
Which type of blood vessel is referred to as a blood reservoir
Veins
49
The pulmonary circulation carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to this chamber
Left atrium
50
The exchange of materials between fetal and maternal circulation occurs through this structure
Placenta
51
Name some factors that vascular resistance is related to
Size of blood vessel lumen Blood viscosity Total blood vessel length
52
At rest, most of the blood in the body is contained in these vessels
Veins
53
In an overweight person, the factor most likely to increase systemic vessel resistance
Length
54
A foreign substance that provokes an immune response in the body
Antigen
55
Which receptors are involved in monitoring blood pressure
Baroreceptors
56
Proteins that are produced by cells which are infected with viruses
Interferons
57
Baroreceptors to monitor pressure of blood going to the brain are located here
Carotid artery
58
List some functions of the lymphatic system
Carry out immune responses Drain excess interstitial fluid and returns it to the blood Transport lipids/lipid soluble
59
All lymph in the body is eventually returned to the blood in this vessel
Subclavian veins
60
Slow resting heart rate
Bradycardia
61
Saclike dilation of the artery wall
Aneurysm
62
Stretching of the walls of veins, especially around valves
Varicose veins
63
Inflammation of vein
Phlebitis
64
Low oxygen availability
Hypoxia
65
Persistently high blood pressure
Hypertension
66
Rapid resting heart rate
Tachycardia
67
High amount of carbon dioxide in the blood
Hypercapnia
68
List some structures involved in the first line of defense against pathogens
Skin, mucous membranes, fluids, movements
69
What are symptoms of inflammation
Swelling, pain & heat, redness
70
List some substances that could act as antigens
Food, pollen, bacteria, virus
71
When a cell is infected by a virus, what may the cell produce to help
Interferons
72
Why are lymph nodes important
Filter lymph, store lymphocytes
73
What term is given to the decrease in diameter of a blood vessel due to contraction of the smooth muscle in its walls
Vasoconstriction
74
In general, what vessels can we see through our skin
Veins
75
Mucous membranes would be considered to be a _____ line of defense against pathogens
First
76
Which lymphatic organ is located posterior to the sternum
Thymus
77
Name the major components of the lymphatic system
Lymph, lymph vessels, red bone marrow, structures/organs containing lymphatic tissue
78
Which cells produce antibodies
B-cells
79
Which is the largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body
Spleen
80
Which lymphocytes are found in lymph nodes
Mature b-cells
81
Where are damaged and worn out red cells destroyed
Spleen
82
Which factors increase vascular resistance
Blood viscosity increases | Increasing blood vessel length
83
Which factors decrease vascular resistance
Increased blood vessel diameter | Being in arteries compared to capillaries
84
Which factors would increase blood pressure
Increased cardiac output Water retention Increased vascular resistance Increased production of epinephrine
85
Which factors would decrease blood pressure
Decreased blood volume
86
Blood pressure would increase with an _____ in heart rate, ____ in vascular resistance, _____ in blood volume, and ______ in water retention
Increased Increased Increased Increased

Anatomy/Physiology (10 decks)

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