Chapter 16

Question 1

Made up of brain and spinal cord.

Answer 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 2

Afferent/Efferent

Answer 2

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 3

Nerves attached to the brain.

Answer 3

Cranial Nerves

Question 4

Nerves attached to the spinal cord.

Answer 4

Spinal Nerves

Question 5

Brings impulses to CNS receptors sensory structures.

Answer 5

Afferent division

Question 6

Brings impulses from CNS to peripheral nerves.

Answer 6

Efferent division

Question 7

2 components of the Efferent division of PNS.

Answer 7

• Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

- Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Question 8

Controls skeletal muscle contractions. Voluntary

Answer 8

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Question 9

Also called visceral motor system, controls cardiac and smooth muscle. 2 parts! Involuntary

Answer 9

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Question 10

2 parts of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer 10

• Sympathetic division

- Parasympathetic division

Question 11

Division of ANS that normally increases metabolic rate; fight or flight.

Answer 11

Sympathetic division

Question 12

Division of ANS that normally decreases metabolic rate; slows body down; called the rest and relaxation.

Answer 12

Parasympathetic division

Question 13

4 lobes of the brain?

Answer 13

• Frontal Lobe
• Parietal Lobe
• Temporal Lobe
• Occipital Lobe

Question 14

Primary motor cortex; voluntary control of skeletal muscles.

Answer 14

Frontal Lobe

Question 15

Primary sensory cortex; perceives touch pressure, pain, taste, and temperature.

Answer 15

Parietal Lobe

Question 16

Auditory and olfactory cortex; perceives hearing and smell.

Answer 16

Temporal Lobe

Question 17

Visual cortex; perceives visual stimuli

Answer 17

Occipital Lobe

Question 18

2 visceral neurons separating the CNS and effector (Muscle/gland).

Answer 18

• Preganglionic fibers

- Postganglionic fibers

Question 19

A collection of neuron cell bodies located outside of the CNS. Location of synapse between preganglionic and posganglionic fibers.

Answer 19

Ganglion/ganglia

Question 20

“Kicks in” only during exertion, stress or emergency.

Answer 20

Sympathetic Division

Question 21

Also called thoracolumbar division or fight or flight devision

Answer 21

Sympathetic Division

Question 22

Ganglions located close to the vertebral columns

Answer 22

Sympathetic division

Question 23

Are preganglionic fibers long or short?

Answer 23

Short

Question 24

Are postganglionic fibers long or short?

Answer 24

Long Except adrenal medulla

Question 25

What are the 3 types of sympathetic ganglia?

Answer 25

- Sympathetic chain ganglia - Collateral ganglia - Adrenal ganglia

Question 26

Sympathetic ganglia located near the spinal cord.

Answer 26

Sympathetic chain ganglia

Question 27

Sympathetic ganglia that lie within thoracic or abdominopelvic cavities.

Answer 27

Collateral ganglia

Question 28

Sympathetic ganglion in the adrenal gland

Answer 28

Adrenal medullae

Question 29

How many sympathetic chain ganglia are there?

Answer 29

2 sets 4 total

Question 30

Ganglia that lie anterior to vertebral column?

Answer 30

Collateral ganglia

Question 31

The sympathetic ganglion in the adrenal gland; innervates adrenal gland

Answer 31

Adrenal Medullae

Question 32

When adrenal medullae are stimulated what is released into the blood?

Answer 32

- Epinephrine (E) | - Norepinephrine (NE)

Question 33

What are the sympathetic responses?

Answer 33

- Increase mental alertness - Increase metabolic activity - Decreases digestive and urinary functions - Activates/uses energy reserves - Increases respiration - Increases heart rate and blood pressure - Increases sweat gland activity

Question 34

All chemical reactions in your body

Answer 34

Metabolism

Question 35

Also called craniosacral or rest and relaxation or rest/digest division.

Answer 35

Parasympathetic Division

Question 36

Neurons which originate from "lateral horn" of "spinal cord".

Answer 36

Preganglionic neurons

Question 37

Preganglionic nurons exit the brain stem and sacral segments __________ of spinal cord.

Answer 37

S2-S4

Question 38

Mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata contain nuclei associated with cranial nerves __ __ __ __

Answer 38

3 7 9 10

Question 39

75% of all parasympathetic outflow travels along the ____________

Answer 39

Vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)

Question 40

Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division.

Answer 40

Long

Question 41

Postganglionic fibers of te parasympathetic division.

Answer 41

Short

Question 42

Parasympathetc Responses

Answer 42

- Decreases metabolic rate - Decreases heart rate and BP - Increases secretion by salivary and digestive glands - Increases blood flow of digestive tract - Increases urination and defecation - Constricts respiratory passageway - Causes sexual arousal in both genders - Secretes hormones responsible for absorption and secretion

Question 43

Neurons of the ANS

Answer 43

- Adrenergic Neurons - Cholinergic Neurons - Peptidergic Neurons

Question 44

Found in sympathetic systems and release norepinephrine (NE) as neurotransmitter.

Answer 44

Adrenergic neurons

Question 45

Found in both parasympathetic and sympathetic systems and releases acetylechone (ACH) as neurotransmitter

Answer 45

Cholinergic neurons

Question 46

Only in parasympathetic system. Releases vasoactive inhibitory peptide (VIP) and substance P as neurotransmitter.

Answer 46

Peptidergic neurons

Question 47

(Sympathetic Division) Ganglion neuron synapse the preganglionic neuron will release _____ which excites the ganglion.

Answer 47

ACH

Question 48

Synapses where ACH is the neurotransmitter is called __________

Answer 48

Cholinergic

Question 49

(Sympathetic Division) At postganglion target cell synapse ____ is released as their neurotransmitter

Answer 49

NE

Question 50

When NE and E are released ____ ______ occurs causing the list of changes of the body (Increase heart rate)

Answer 50

Sympathetic activation

Question 51

Neurons which release NE or E are called ____ ____

Answer 51

Adrenergic synapses.

Question 52

Further broken down into alpha and beta receptors

Answer 52

Adrenergic receptors

Question 53

Nicotinic receptors are found on (2)

Answer 53

Both parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglion cells.