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A&P 2 > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

The human body has two types of ‘senses’ which one is described below?

-Pain, temperature, touch pressure, vibration, and proprioception (body location).

A

General Senses

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2
Q

These receptors are scattered throughout the body.

A

General Senses

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3
Q

The human body has two types of ‘senses’ which one is described below?

-Olfaction (smell), vision, gustation (taste), equilibrium (balance), and hearing.

A

Special Senses

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4
Q

These receptors are more specialized/complex than general senses

A

Special Senses

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5
Q

Are special cells or cells that provide your CNS with information about internal or external conditions.

A

Sensory Receptors

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6
Q

When a ‘sensory receptor’ detects a stimuli and translate it into an ‘action potential’ that can be forwarded to the CNS.

A

Transduction

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7
Q

Responds to chemical stimuli; olefactory, taste buds, pH, and CO2.

A

Chemoreceptors

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8
Q

Respond to mechanical stress or mechanical strain; hair cells in the cochlea are an example; touch, pressure, vibration.

A

Mechanoreceptors

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9
Q

Respond to light; rods and cones in the eye are an example.

A

Photoreceptors

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10
Q

Respond to pressure; detect the pressure of blood flowing through; found in the aorta and carotid bodies.

A

Baroreceptors

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11
Q

Respond to the osmolarity of fluids (such as in the hypothalamus.)

A

Osmoreceptors

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12
Q

Provide the sense of position; provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally.

A

Proprioceptors

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13
Q

Produce the perception of pain in response to damaging stimuli.

A

Nociceptors

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14
Q

Smell is detected by olfactory organs in the nasal cavity.

A

Olfaction

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15
Q

Olfactory organ is made up of:

A

Olfactory epithelium

Lamina propria

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16
Q

Olfactory nerve is cranial nerve #_____ is responsible for smell.

A

Cranial nerve 1

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17
Q

Organic molecules in the air land on Olfactory neurons which have receptors called _______ ______ _____ that open ______ ______ and start an action potential.

A
  • Odorant binding proteins

- Na+ channels

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18
Q

Taste receptors are also called _____ _____.

A

Gustatory Receptors

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19
Q

Found on tongue, pharynx, and larynx as kids but only on tongue as an adult.

A

Taste receptors or Gustatory receptors

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20
Q

Gustation or taste receptors are distributed along _____ ____ of the tongue.

A

Superior surface

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21
Q

Combinations of taste receptors and epithelial projections.

A

Taste buds

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22
Q

Another name for taste buds

A

Lingual papillae

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23
Q

3 types of papillae

A
  • Filiform
  • Fungiform
  • Circumvallate
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24
Q

How many receptors does each taste bud contain?

A

40

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25
Q

What are the 4 different types of taste?

A
  • Bitter
  • Sour
  • Salt
  • Sweet
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26
Q

Sweet receptors open ___ ____ which causes ______

A

K+ channels

Depolarization

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27
Q

Salt receptors open ____ ____ which causes _______

A

Na+ channels

Depolarization

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28
Q

New taste close to beef broth

A

Umami

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29
Q

New taste that can taste water

A

H20 receptors

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30
Q

Taste monitored by which nerves?

A

Facial (7)
Glossopharyngeal (9)
Vagus (10)

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31
Q

Senses combine to provide flavor

A

Taste and Olfactory receptors

32
Q

Tells us the location of the head by monitoring gravity, rotation, and linear acceleration.

A

Equilibrium

33
Q

Ability to detect stimuli of sound

A

Hearing

34
Q

Ear divisions or regions

A

External or outer ear
Middle ear
Inner ear

35
Q

Fleshy part of ear; consists of auricle which collects and directs sound toward external auditory canal.

A

External ear

36
Q

A thin semi-transparent sheet that separates external ear from middle ear.

A

Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

37
Q

Produce cerumen that protects the membrane from bacteria

A

Ceruminous glands

38
Q

Also called tympanic cavity. Consists of an air filled cavity

A

Middle ear

39
Q

What are the auditory ossicles?

A
  • Malleus
  • Incus
  • Stapes
40
Q

Two muscles protect the membrane and ossicles from violent movements under noisy conditions.

A

Tensor tympani

Stapedius muscle

41
Q

Inserts on malleus, stiffens typanic membrane; innervated by Trigeminal nerve.

A

Tensor tympani

42
Q

Inserts on stapes to minimize its movement; innervated by facial nerve

A

Stapedius muscle

43
Q

Contains sensory organs for hearing and equilibrium.

A

Inner ear

44
Q

Superficial/outer layer; a dense bone covering that protects “membranous labyrinth”

A

Bony Labyrinth

45
Q

Deep/inner layer; is a fluid (endolymph) filled chamber located inside Bony Labyrinth.

A

Membranous Labyrinth

46
Q

Consists of 2 membranous sacs which provide sensations of gravity and linear acceleration.

A

Vestibule

47
Q

Hair cells in saccule and utricle are clustered in structures called ________.

A

Maculae

48
Q

Hair cells are standing vertical; determines gravity/falling

A

Saccule

49
Q

Hair cells are laying horizontal: determines linear acceleration

A

Utricle

50
Q

These enclose semicircular ducts; consists of three subsections; monitors rotational movement of head/body.

A

Semicircular canals

51
Q

Spiral shaped; receptors located here provide sense of hearing.

A

Cochlea

52
Q

Located by stapes

A

Oval window

53
Q

Separates the perilymph of cochlear chambers from middle ear area.

A

Round window

54
Q

Consists of three subsections; monitors rotational movement of head/body.

A

Semicircular ducts

55
Q

What are the 3 simicircular ducts?

A
  • Anterior semicircular ducts
  • Posterior semicircular ducts
  • Lateral semicircular ducts
56
Q

Widened area at entrace of cochlea; contains two subsections (Utricle, and Saccule)

A

Vestibule

57
Q

The function of these cells are to keep the hair cells properly oriented for stimuli

A

Supporting cells

58
Q

Two types of cells found in the ear?

A

Supporting cells

Hair cells

59
Q

These cells have extensions called stereocilla and kinocilium.

A

Hair cells

60
Q

Expanded region that contains hair cells

A

Ampulla

61
Q

Raised base of the hair cells.

A

Crista

62
Q

Activates anterior semicircular duct

A

Shaking head yes

63
Q

Activates lateral semicircular duct

A

Shaking head no

64
Q

Activates posterior semicircular duct

A

Tilting head from side to side

65
Q

Structures which contain hair cells.

A

Maculae

66
Q

Hair cells extend into ____ ____

A

Gelatinous matrix

67
Q

On top of the matrix, packed carbonite crystals

A

Statoconia (ear stone)

68
Q

Both the statoconia and gelatinous matrix

A

otolith

69
Q

Portion of the cochlear duct that contains the hair cells made up of bailar and tectoral membranes.

A

Organ of corti

70
Q

Membrane on which hair cells rest

A

Basilar membrane

71
Q

Membrane on which sterocilia make contact with.

A

Tectoral membrane

72
Q

________ of sound is determined by which part of the cochlear duct is stimulated.

A

Frequency

73
Q

________ is determined by number of hair cells activated.

A

Intensity

74
Q

Respond to temperature, either heat, cold, or both.

A

Thermoreceptors

75
Q

Sense of smell

A

Olfactory

76
Q

Sense of taste

A

Gustation

A&P 2 (9 decks)

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