Chapter 17

Question 1

The human body has two types of ‘senses’ which one is described below?

-Pain, temperature, touch pressure, vibration, and proprioception (body location).

Answer 1

General Senses

Question 2

These receptors are scattered throughout the body.

Answer 2

General Senses

Question 3

The human body has two types of ‘senses’ which one is described below?

-Olfaction (smell), vision, gustation (taste), equilibrium (balance), and hearing.

Answer 3

Special Senses

Question 4

These receptors are more specialized/complex than general senses

Answer 4

Special Senses

Question 5

Are special cells or cells that provide your CNS with information about internal or external conditions.

Answer 5

Sensory Receptors

Question 6

When a ‘sensory receptor’ detects a stimuli and translate it into an ‘action potential’ that can be forwarded to the CNS.

Answer 6

Transduction

Question 7

Responds to chemical stimuli; olefactory, taste buds, pH, and CO2.

Answer 7

Chemoreceptors

Question 8

Respond to mechanical stress or mechanical strain; hair cells in the cochlea are an example; touch, pressure, vibration.

Answer 8

Mechanoreceptors

Question 9

Respond to light; rods and cones in the eye are an example.

Answer 9

Photoreceptors

Question 10

Respond to pressure; detect the pressure of blood flowing through; found in the aorta and carotid bodies.

Answer 10

Baroreceptors

Question 11

Respond to the osmolarity of fluids (such as in the hypothalamus.)

Answer 11

Osmoreceptors

Question 12

Provide the sense of position; provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally.

Answer 12

Proprioceptors

Question 13

Produce the perception of pain in response to damaging stimuli.

Answer 13

Nociceptors

Question 14

Smell is detected by olfactory organs in the nasal cavity.

Answer 14

Olfaction

Question 15

Olfactory organ is made up of:

Answer 15

Olfactory epithelium

Lamina propria

Question 16

Olfactory nerve is cranial nerve #_____ is responsible for smell.

Answer 16

Cranial nerve 1

Question 17

Organic molecules in the air land on Olfactory neurons which have receptors called _______ ______ _____ that open ______ ______ and start an action potential.

Answer 17

• Odorant binding proteins

- Na+ channels

Question 18

Taste receptors are also called _____ _____.

Answer 18

Gustatory Receptors

Question 19

Found on tongue, pharynx, and larynx as kids but only on tongue as an adult.

Answer 19

Taste receptors or Gustatory receptors

Question 20

Gustation or taste receptors are distributed along _____ ____ of the tongue.

Answer 20

Superior surface

Question 21

Combinations of taste receptors and epithelial projections.

Answer 21

Taste buds

Question 22

Another name for taste buds

Answer 22

Lingual papillae

Question 23

3 types of papillae

Answer 23

• Filiform
• Fungiform
• Circumvallate

Question 24

How many receptors does each taste bud contain?

Answer 24

40

Question 25

What are the 4 different types of taste?

Answer 25

- Bitter - Sour - Salt - Sweet

Question 26

Sweet receptors open ___ ____ which causes ______

Answer 26

K+ channels | Depolarization

Question 27

Salt receptors open ____ ____ which causes _______

Answer 27

Na+ channels | Depolarization

Question 28

New taste close to beef broth

Answer 28

Umami

Question 29

New taste that can taste water

Answer 29

H20 receptors

Question 30

Taste monitored by which nerves?

Answer 30

Facial (7) Glossopharyngeal (9) Vagus (10)

Question 31

Senses combine to provide flavor

Answer 31

Taste and Olfactory receptors

Question 32

Tells us the location of the head by monitoring gravity, rotation, and linear acceleration.

Answer 32

Equilibrium

Question 33

Ability to detect stimuli of sound

Answer 33

Hearing

Question 34

Ear divisions or regions

Answer 34

External or outer ear Middle ear Inner ear

Question 35

Fleshy part of ear; consists of auricle which collects and directs sound toward external auditory canal.

Answer 35

External ear

Question 36

A thin semi-transparent sheet that separates external ear from middle ear.

Answer 36

Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Question 37

Produce cerumen that protects the membrane from bacteria

Answer 37

Ceruminous glands

Question 38

Also called tympanic cavity. Consists of an air filled cavity

Answer 38

Middle ear

Question 39

What are the auditory ossicles?

Answer 39

- Malleus - Incus - Stapes

Question 40

Two muscles protect the membrane and ossicles from violent movements under noisy conditions.

Answer 40

Tensor tympani | Stapedius muscle

Question 41

Inserts on malleus, stiffens typanic membrane; innervated by Trigeminal nerve.

Answer 41

Tensor tympani

Question 42

Inserts on stapes to minimize its movement; innervated by facial nerve

Answer 42

Stapedius muscle

Question 43

Contains sensory organs for hearing and equilibrium.

Answer 43

Inner ear

Question 44

Superficial/outer layer; a dense bone covering that protects "membranous labyrinth"

Answer 44

Bony Labyrinth

Question 45

Deep/inner layer; is a fluid (endolymph) filled chamber located inside Bony Labyrinth.

Answer 45

Membranous Labyrinth

Question 46

Consists of 2 membranous sacs which provide sensations of gravity and linear acceleration.

Answer 46

Vestibule

Question 47

Hair cells in saccule and utricle are clustered in structures called ________.

Answer 47

Maculae

Question 48

Hair cells are standing vertical; determines gravity/falling

Answer 48

Saccule

Question 49

Hair cells are laying horizontal: determines linear acceleration

Answer 49

Utricle

Question 50

These enclose semicircular ducts; consists of three subsections; monitors rotational movement of head/body.

Answer 50

Semicircular canals

Question 51

Spiral shaped; receptors located here provide sense of hearing.

Answer 51

Cochlea

Question 52

Located by stapes

Answer 52

Oval window

Question 53

Separates the perilymph of cochlear chambers from middle ear area.

Answer 53

Round window

Question 54

Consists of three subsections; monitors rotational movement of head/body.

Answer 54

Semicircular ducts

Question 55

What are the 3 simicircular ducts?

Answer 55

- Anterior semicircular ducts - Posterior semicircular ducts - Lateral semicircular ducts

Question 56

Widened area at entrace of cochlea; contains two subsections (Utricle, and Saccule)

Answer 56

Vestibule

Question 57

The function of these cells are to keep the hair cells properly oriented for stimuli

Answer 57

Supporting cells

Question 58

Two types of cells found in the ear?

Answer 58

Supporting cells | Hair cells

Question 59

These cells have extensions called stereocilla and kinocilium.

Answer 59

Hair cells

Question 60

Expanded region that contains hair cells

Answer 60

Ampulla

Question 61

Raised base of the hair cells.

Answer 61

Crista

Question 62

Activates anterior semicircular duct

Answer 62

Shaking head yes

Question 63

Activates lateral semicircular duct

Answer 63

Shaking head no

Question 64

Activates posterior semicircular duct

Answer 64

Tilting head from side to side

Question 65

Structures which contain hair cells.

Answer 65

Maculae

Question 66

Hair cells extend into ____ ____

Answer 66

Gelatinous matrix

Question 67

On top of the matrix, packed carbonite crystals

Answer 67

Statoconia (ear stone)

Question 68

Both the statoconia and gelatinous matrix

Answer 68

otolith

Question 69

Portion of the cochlear duct that contains the hair cells made up of bailar and tectoral membranes.

Answer 69

Organ of corti

Question 70

Membrane on which hair cells rest

Answer 70

Basilar membrane

Question 71

Membrane on which sterocilia make contact with.

Answer 71

Tectoral membrane

Question 72

________ of sound is determined by which part of the cochlear duct is stimulated.

Answer 72

Frequency

Question 73

________ is determined by number of hair cells activated.

Answer 73

Intensity

Question 74

Respond to temperature, either heat, cold, or both.

Answer 74

Thermoreceptors

Question 75

Sense of smell

Answer 75

Olfactory

Question 76

Sense of taste

Answer 76

Gustation