Chapter 16

Question 1

The acquisition of speech and language is tied to what two criteria?

Answer 1

Physical development and maturation

Question 2

The course of speech and langauge development is a correlate of (hint: C.M.S.)

Answer 2

cerebral maturation and specialization

Question 3

The brain weight triples in size by the first ____ months of life.

A. ) 8 months

B.) 16 months

C.) 24 months

D.) 32 months

E.) 40 months

Answer 3

C - 24 months of life

Question 4

By ____ years old, the brain will have achieved 95% of its ultimate weight.

A.) 5

B.) 15

C.) 18

D.) 10

E.) 13

Answer 4

D - 10 years old

Question 5

Neurolinguistics is the study of how the brain processes linguistic information, specifically…the ____ and _____ of this processing.

Answer 5

manner and location

*not on study guide but good to know*

Question 6

There are 3 basic functions of the brain:

*hint R.P.F*

Answer 6

Regulation: energy/arousal state of the brainstem and cerebral cortex

Processing: analyzing, understanding, and memorizing info

Formulation: forming ideas/plans and executing them

Question 7

Regulation or the energy/arousal state of the brainstem and cerebral cortex takes place in the?

*hint: R.F.

Answer 7

Reticular Formation - regulates alertness

Question 8

Processing or the analyzing, understanding, and memorizing of info takes place in the?

*hint: smart computers can do this too*

Answer 8

Posterior Cortex

Question 9

Formulation or the forming of ideas/plans as well as executing them takes place in the?

*excecutive functioning takes place here as well*

Answer 9

Frontal Lobe

Question 10

Brain growth can be scaled by measuring these two things:

*D.I.S.C.A.M*

Answer 10

development in synaptic connections and myelination

Question 11

Myelination occurs in the following order:

*hint: Pre-,Po-,Pri-,Pri-

Answer 11

Precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, primary visual cortex, and primary auditory cortex

Question 12

Myelination of axons allows for ________.

*hint: R.T.O.N.I

Answer 12

rapid transmission of neural information

Question 13

A lack of myelin maturation in language association pathways and language centers has not been suggested to cause developmental language delays.

True or False?

Answer 13

False - a lack of myelin maturation in language association pathways and language centers has been suggested to cause developmental language delays.

Question 14

Children with acute brain damamge have greater degrees of recovery than adults with similar kinds of damage due to this trait:

*hint: young minds are easily moulded*

Answer 14

Cerebral Plasticity

Question 15

Very young children may switch language dominance to the right hemisphere.

True or False

Answer 15

True - when damage occurse before the language centers are mature, the nervous system tends to re-organize to promote continued development (causing a shift of language dominance to the right, or greater participation of the right hemisphere)

Question 16

The period of time where substantial neuroplastic changes are possible:

Answer 16

Critical Period

Question 17

There are no structural differences between the left and right hemisphere; therefore, suggesting that for most individuals neither hemisphere is genetically predisposed to support language function.

True or False

Answer 17

False - There are structural differences between the left and right hemisphere; therefore, suggesting that for most individuals the left hemisphere is gentically predisposed to support language function

Question 18

There is a greater overlap of neural representation for language between L1 and L2 in bilinguals.

True or False

Answer 18

True - the earlier one learns a second language, the more that language will be represented in the same regions of the brain of that of the first language

Question 19

The causes of acquired aphasia for children are not similar to those for adults.

True or False

Answer 19

False - the causes of acquired aphasia for children are similar to those for adults

Question 20

Neuroimaging studies suggest involvement of the _____ and _____ in children with ADHD.

*hint: think of where attention is specialized and where errors of fine motor skills would be affected*

Answer 20

frontal lobe and basal ganglia