Chapter 16:chromosomes,genes and protein

Question 1

Define chromosome

Answer 1

a length of DNA,found in the nucleus of a cell;it contains genetic information in the form of many different genes

Question 2

Define DNA

Answer 2

a molecule that contains genetic information,in the forms of genes,that control as the proteins that are made in the cell

Question 3

Define gene

Answer 3

a length of DNA that coded for one protein

Question 4

Define alleles

Answer 4

alternative forms of a gene

Question 5

Define alleles

Answer 5

alternative forms of a gene

Question 6

where are chromosomes located

Answer 6

In the nucleus of the cell

Question 7

Define inheritance

Answer 7

The transmission of genetic information from generation to generation

Question 8

How many chromosomes to humans have

Answer 8

46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

Question 9

Define mitosis

Answer 9

nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cells

Question 10

What is the role of mitosis

Answer 10

-It helps in growth,repair of damaged tissue,replacement of cells and asexual reproduction
-mitosis produces new cells to make the body grow larger cells or replace damaged cells

Question 11

What are the two identical threads called I’m chromosomes

Answer 11

Chromatids

Question 12

What is the point where the chromatids are held together

Answer 12

Centermere

Question 13

How does mitosis happen

Answer 13

The copies of chromosomes seperate,maintaining the chromosome number in each daughter cell

Question 14

Why is meiosis recurred

Answer 14

Meiosis is involved in the production of gametes

Question 15

Define meiosis

Answer 15

Reduction division in which the chromosome number is halved from the diploid to haploid resulting in genetically different cells

Question 16

Define homozygous

Answer 16

Having two identical alleles of a particular gene (GG or gg)

Question 17

Define heterogenous

Answer 17

Having two different alleles of a particular gene (Gg)

Question 18

Define genotype

Answer 18

The genetic makeup of an organism in terms of the alleles present (GG)

Question 19

Define phenotype

Answer 19

The observable features of an organism

Question 20

Define dominant allele

Answer 20

an allele that is expressed if it is present (G)

Question 21

Define recessive allele

Answer 21

an allele of that is only expressed when there is no dominant allele of the gene present (g)

Question 22

Define codominace

Answer 22

alleles that’s re both expressed in the phenotype when they are both present

Question 23

Example of codominance

Answer 23

the inheritance of the ABO blood group antigens in humans is a good example of codominance