Chapter 4:biological molecules Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the chemical elements in carbohydrates

A

-carbon
-oxygen
-hydrogen

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2
Q

What’s the chemical elements in proteins

A

-carbon
-oxygen
-hydrogen
-nitrogen
-sulphur

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3
Q

What’s the chemical elements in lipids

A

-carbon
-oxygen
-hydrogen

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4
Q

What is the smallest unit of carbohydrates

A

Sugars

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5
Q

Examples of carbohydrates

A

-starch
-cellulose
-sugars
-glycogen

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6
Q

Function of glycogen in the body

A

To release energy in cells,it is transported around the human body dissolved in the blood plasma

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7
Q

Function of glucose in plants

A

In plants glucose is stored in the form of starch,it can be broken down to glucose when is needed by plants

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8
Q

Function of cellulose

A

Makes plant walls

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9
Q

Function of glycogen in the liver

A

Glycogen is stored in the liver and it breaks down glycogen to glucose when the body needs it

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10
Q

What is the smallest unit for lipids

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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11
Q

What are the two types of lipids

A

-fats and oils

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12
Q

What is the difference between fats and oils

A

Fat-solid at room temperature
Oil-liquid at room temperature

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13
Q

What is the function of lipids

A

-it is the main component for cell membrane
-used as energy stores

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14
Q

What is the smallest unit of proteins

A

-amino acids

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15
Q

Function of protein

A

All enzymes are proteins so it:
-increases the rate of reaction
-antibodies which are proteins help protect the body against pathogen
-haemoglobin which is a protein helps transport blood
-cell membrane is made from proteins

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16
Q

What test is used to test for lipids

A

Ethanol test

17
Q

What test is used to test for starch

A

Iodine test

18
Q

What test is used to test for protein

A

Biuret test

19
Q

What test is used to test reducing sugar

A

Benedict’s test

20
Q

What is used to test for vitamin C

A

DCPIP

21
Q

Colour change in lipids

A

Turns White

22
Q

Colour change in starch

A

Brown to blue/black

23
Q

Colour change in protein

A

Blue to violet/purple

24
Q

Colour change for reducing sugar

A

Blue to green to yellow to red

25
Q

Colour change for vitamin c

A

Purple to clear

26
Q

What is DNA

A

A material that makes up our genes and chromosomes

27
Q

what are the pairing for the DNA pairing

A

-A with T
-C with G

28
Q

Describe the structure of a DNA molecule

A

-two strands coiled together to form a double helix
-each strand contains chemicals called bases
-bonds between pairs of bases hold the strands together
-the bases always pair up in the same way: A with T, and C with G