Chapter 5:enzymes Flashcards
Definition of enzymes
proteins that are involved in all metabolic reactions, where they function as biological catalysts
Describe a catalyst
a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction and is not changed by the reaction
Why are enzymes important in all living organism
-enzymes speed up the reaction,so without enzymes reactions woudl happen slowly .
-enzymes ensure that the rate of metabolic reactions are good to sustain life
How do enzymes catalyse a reaction
-an enzyme works by allowing a molecule of its substance to fit into its active site
-the enzyme and shape of the substrate are complementary to one another becuase enzyme is specific for a particular substrate
- so when the substrate is in its active site bound to the enzyme the enzyme makes a substrate change into a new substance
-it is called a product
-the product breaks away from the enzyme
What is enzyme specifically
Each enzyme can act on one particular or specific substrate
What are the factors that affect enzymes
-temperature
-pH
How to investigate the effect of temperature on an enzyme
-first place a standard volume of solution of an enzyme into five different test tubes
-place a standard volume of solution of the enzymes substrate into five different test tubes
-standing all ten test tube in water baths at different temperatures and leave them to come to the required temperature
-adding the enzyme to the substrate and measure the rate of reaction
Where do enzymes work the best at
At its optimum temperature
What happens beyond the optimum temperature
-It will break the bonds that hold the enzymes together and it will lose its shape.
-the substrates Connor fit into denatured enzymes as the shape of their active site has been lost
how can you measure the rate of reaction when enzyme catalysts breaks down hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen
-you can collect the gas and measure the volume produced per minute or
-by measuring the loss of mass per minute
Why do most chemical reactions happen slowly
Because the kinetic energy of the enzyme and substance are low,so they move slowly and collide infrequently
What su the optimum pH for enzymes
7
How to investigate the effect of pH on an enzyme?
-first place a standard volume of solution of an enzyme into five different test tubes
-place a standard volume of solution of the enzymes sus take into five different test tubes
-place a standard volume of buffer solution of different pHs into each tube containing the enzyme
-standing all ten test tubes in a water bath at the enzyme’s optimum temperature
-add the enzyme mixture to the substrate and measure the rate of reaction
