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IGCSE Biology > Chapter 7:human nutrition > Flashcards

Chapter 7:human nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What is a balanced diet

A

A diet that contains all the required nutrients in suitable proportions and the right amount of energy

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2
Q

What are the 7 type of nutrients needed

A

-carbohydrates
-proteins
-lipids
-vitamins
-minerals
-dietary fibre
-water

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3
Q

What does the amount of energy you use depends on?

A

-age
-gender
-activity/job

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4
Q

What causes scurvy

A

Vitamin C deficiency

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of survey

A

-anaemia
-exhaustion
-pain in the limbs
-swelling
-tooth loss

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6
Q

what causes rickets

A

Vitamin D deficiency

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7
Q

Symptoms of rickets

A

-bone pain
-lack of bone growth
-swift,weak bones

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8
Q

Function of carbohydrates

A

Source of energy

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9
Q

Function of protein

A

Growth and repair

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10
Q

Function if lipid

A

Insulation and energy storage

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11
Q

Function of dietary fibre

A

Helps food to pass through the intestine

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12
Q

Function of vitamins

A

Needed in small quantities to maintain health

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13
Q

Function of minerals

A

Needed in small quantities to maintain health

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14
Q

Function of water

A

Needed for chemical reactions to take place in cells

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15
Q

Function of vitamin C

A

-form essential part of collagen protein

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16
Q

Function of vitamin D

A

Helps the body to absorb calcium for strong teeth and bones

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17
Q

Function of calcium

A

Needed for strong teeth and bones
Involved in the clothing of blood

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18
Q

Function of iron

A

Needed to make haemoglobin

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19
Q

What is the digestive system

A

The group that carried out digestion of food

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20
Q

What does the digestive system include

A

-the alimentary canal
-the liver
-the pancreas

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21
Q

What does the digestive system do

A

It works together to break down the food we eat so that it can be absorbed into the blood and delivered to the body cells

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22
Q

What are the stages of food breakdown

A

1.ingestion
2.digestion
3.absorption
4.assimilation
5.egestion

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23
Q

Function of ingestion

A

Taking of substances into the body through the mouth

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24
Q

Function of digestion

A

The breakdown of food

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25
Q

Function of absorption

A

The movement of nutrients from the intestines into the blood

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26
Q

Function of assimilation

A

Uptake and use of nutrients by cells

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27
Q

Function of egestion

A

The removal of undigested food from the body as faeces

28
Q

What is peristalsis

A

The wall of the alimentary canal contains muscles which contrast and relax to make food move along

29
Q

What is the small intestine separated to?

A

Duodenum
Ileum

30
Q

What is the large intestine divided into

A

Colon
Rectum
Anus

31
Q

Describe physical digestion

A

the breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules

32
Q

What does physical digestion help in?

A

It increases the surface area of food for the action of enzymes in chemical digestion

33
Q

What is the function of teeth

A

To help with ingestion and mechanical digestion of the food we eat

34
Q

Function of enamel

A

The very strong material that covered the surface of a tooth

35
Q

Function of dentine

A

A living tissue that lies beneath the enamel of the tooth

36
Q

Function of cement

A

The material that holds a tooth in the gum

37
Q

What are the 4 type of teeth

A

-incisors
-canine
-premolar
-molar

38
Q

What is a incisor

A

A chiselled shaped for biting and cutting food in the front of the mouth

39
Q

Function of canine

A

Pointed for tearing,holding and biting

40
Q

Function of premolar and molar

A

Larger ,fat surfaces with ridges at the edges for chewing and grinding up food

41
Q

What is the role of bile

A

It breaks down large drops of fat into smaller ones.

42
Q

What is emulsification

A

The breakdown of large fat droplets to smaller ones

43
Q

Why does emulsification take place

A

To have a larger surface area so that liaise can chemically breakdown the lipid into glycerol and fatty acids faster

44
Q

Describe chemical digestion

A

the break down of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules

45
Q

What is the role of chemical digestion

A

To produce small soluble molecules that can be absorbed

46
Q

What is the function of amylase

A

amylase breaks down starch to simple reducing sugars

47
Q

Function of protease

A

Protease breaks down protein to amino acids

48
Q

Function of lipase

A

Lipase breaks down fats and oils to fatty acids and glycerol

49
Q

Where is amylase secreted

A

By the salivary glands and the pancreas

50
Q

Where is protease secreted

A

By the walls of the stomach and the pancreas

51
Q

Where is lipase secreted

A

By the pancreas

52
Q

Where does amylase act

A

In the mouth and duodenum

53
Q

Where does protease act

A

In the duodenum

54
Q

The function of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice

A

It kills harmful microorganisms in food and prodded an acidic pH for optimum enzyme activity

55
Q

Describe the digestion of starch in the digestive system

A

1:amylase breaks down starch to maltose
2:maltase breaks down maltose to glucose on the membranes of the epithelium lining the small intestine

56
Q

Describe the digestion of protein by protease in the digestive system

A

1:pepsin breaks down protein in the acidic conditions of the stomach
2:trypsin breaks down protein in the alkaline conditions of the small intestine

57
Q

Where is nutrients absorbed

A

Small intestine

58
Q

Where is water most absorbed in

A

The small intestine and sometimes the colon

59
Q

What is villi

A

A small finger like projections line the inner surface of thr small intestine greatly increasing the surface area

60
Q

Role of blood capillaries in villi

A

Absorbs amino acids,glucose,vitamins,minerals and water

61
Q

Role of hepatic portal vein

A

Taking blood to the liver

62
Q

Role for artery

A

Brigs blood from the heart

63
Q

Role of lacteal

A

Absorbs fatty acids and glycerol

64
Q

Role of goblet cell

A

Secreted mucus to trap pathogens

65
Q

Where does maltase break down to maltose into glucose

A

In the microvilli

IGCSE Biology (23 decks)

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