Chapter 16 - Sexual Dysfunction Flashcards
(29 cards)
What role do early childhood interactions with family members play in sexual development?
- They influence feelings about the body, body image, and self-esteem, and lay the foundation for intimacy and attachment in adulthood.
How can the way parents interact with their children affect sexual development?
- Parents’ emotional and sexual relationship, as well as how they touch their children, especially regarding their genitals, affects children’s feelings about their bodies and intimacy.
Orgasmic disorder in women or anorgasmia
- Inability to achieve orgasm
- Typically due to lack of knowledge of the body or from medications
How does parental silence or taboo about sexuality influence children?
- It can make communication about sexual desires difficult in adulthood due to the lack of accurate sexual vocabulary and discomfort with the topic.
What is a potential consequence of sexual abuse or assault on sexual development?
- Victims may develop doubts about trust, unsafe feelings in their own bodies, and shame or guilt about sexuality, which contribute to sexual difficulties.
How do disabilities affect sexual experiences and intimacy?
- Individuals with disabilities have the same sexual desires as their peers but often experience fewer social activities, intimate relationships, and less sexual health information due to being seen as “asexual.”
What factors can contribute to sexual difficulties in adolescence and adulthood?
- Low self-esteem, fear of inadequacy,
- fear of pregnancy/STIs,
- performance anxiety,
- and cultural expectations about sexuality can hinder sexual enjoyment and communication.
How does the traditional sexual script affect sexual expression?
- It creates rigid expectations for sexual activity, leaving little room for flexibility or creativity, especially for those whose bodies or desires don’t conform to societal norms.
How might people with disabilities or “kinks” approach sexual expression?
- They may need to create their own version of “normal” to express their sexuality in a fulfilling and comfortable way.
Intrapsychic Factors in the development of sexual problems
- Psychological factors that play a role in the origins of sexual problems begin to develop in early childhood, based on interactions with and observations of family members.
Interpersonal/Relational Factors in the development of sexual problems
- Sometimes the appearance of sexual problems in an individual may actually be a symptom of underlying difficulties in a relationship.
- Usually things like conflict resolution
- Children may observe their parents and learn skills or lack of skills from them
Cultural/Psychosocial factors in the development of sexual problems
- Include religious teachings,
family-based teachings, and formal school-based sex education - learning that comes from the lack thereof and the imagery that comes through our media
Organic Factors in the development of sexual problems
- Anything that can affect the body can affect sexuality
Quality of sexual contact as a factor in the development of sexual problems
- important contributor to sexual problems, lack thereof, or sexual enjoyment.
- the nature or calibre of erotic contact can affect the entire spectrum of sexuality
Difference between the DSM-5 and the DSM-5-TR in sexual behaviours
- The DSM-5, like the DSM-IV-TR, permits a wide range of consensual sexual behaviours without labeling them pathological unless they cause distress or dysfunction,
- TR is more restrictive in diagnosing sexual dysfunctions by focusing more on objective performance criteria, such as specific time frames, rather than subjective experiences of distress.
HSDD
- Low desire or libido
Sexual aversion
- characterized by an intensely negative or fearful response to a specific aspect of sexual interaction
Possible causes of desire and arousal problems in men and women
- lack of attraction to one’s partner,
- a recent argument that has yet to be resolved,
- a history of sexual assault,
- ongoing fatigue and stress,
- fear of pregnancy or STIs
- cultural issues
Sexual desire discrpancy
- Sexual desire problems are rarely isolated disorders and are more often the result of complex, interrelated factors—such as exhaustion, cultural expectations, communication styles, physical changes, and relationship dynamics
- require a holistic and relational approach to assess and treat effectively.
Arousal and vaginal dryness
- May be due to hormonal changes
- Medications
- Cancer treatments
Possible causes for erectile disorder
- cardiovascular disease,
- diabetes, and
- the side effects of many medications, including psychotropic and anti-hypertensive drugs
- Personal, relationship, and psychological issues too
Premature ejaculation
- Within 60 seconds of penetration causing distress
- Causes remain unclear
- Treatment should focus less on lasting longer and more on mutual pleasure
Delayed ejaculation
- Under reported
- Often caused by meds, low arousal, unrealistic performance expectations
- Best adressed by focusing on pleasure, communication, and adequate stimulation rather than performance
