Chapter 17 Flashcards
(33 cards)
Atlantic system became a web of trade routes that bound together ___ and became the hub of European expansion throughout the world
Western Europe, Africa, and the Americas
Plantations:
Large tracts of land owned by colonial settlers, farmed by slave labor, and produced staple crops
What is a Mestizo?
A person born to a Spanish father and a Native mother.
What is a Peninsular?
Those born in Spain.
What are Creoles?
Born in America of Spanish parents.
What did Europeans do to expand trade in the rest of the world?
They seized territories and tried to establish permanent settlements.
Consumer Society had coffeehouses…
where people could meet socially and discuss business and politics
Europeans imported ___ from Central/South America. West Indies imported ___. Colonies in North America imported ___, ___, ___, and ___
precious metals, sugar, timber, fish, tobacco, and furs
3 main reasons for the population explosion:
Better weather produced bountiful harvests, improved agricultural techniques, the disappearance of the Plague after 1720
By 1750 ___ is Europe’s largest city
London
Conspicuous consumption:
the consumption of luxuries on a lavish scale in an attempt to enhance one’s prestige
50 years of warfare saw 3 important developments:
A new power alignment arose (a coalition of powers held France in check on the continent), the British rise and Dutch decline, Russia’s emergence as a European power
Strategic Importance: The Bank of England
enabled the govt. to raise money at low interest for foreign wars
Russia had defeated Sweden (considered to be one of the world’s best militaries), and the victory overturned the view that Russia was militarily incompetent
Battle of Poltava
Peter the Great:
expanded the Russian state into a much larger empire, led a cultural revolution in Russia to modernize them along Western standards
Peter introduced numerous reforms
Founded the Russian Academy of science, replaced the Russian calendar with the Julian calendar, adopted European fashions and banned beards for men/veils for women, modernized the army/built a navy
Symbolized Russia’s “opening to the West”
St. Petersburg
The Table of Ranks
A formal list of positions and ranks in the military, government, court of Imperial Russia. All social and material advantages now depended on serving the crown
What was the Enlightenment?
It was a cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th century Europe and the American colonies
What was the purpose of the Enlightenment?
To reform society using reason, to advance knowledge through science
What did the Enlightenment oppose?
superstition, intolerance, and some abuses by church and state
The central doctrines of the Enlightenment philosophers were
individual liberty/religious tolerance
A significant criticism of the Enlightenment was that its followers
subjected everything to criticism and challenged both political and religious authority
The 3 main reasons for immigration to the “New World”
economic, political, religious freedom
