Chapter 21

Question 1

The Revolutions of 1848 brought to the surface the profound tensions within a European society in transition toward

Answer 1

Industrialization and Urbanization

Question 2

For Germans, the goal of _______________ took precedence over social reform or constitutional changes

Answer 2

Unification

Question 3

In France’s first presidential election

Answer 3

Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte

Question 4

The New French Republican government immediately issued several reforms:

Answer 4

First presidential election in French history, Universal male suffrage, Freedom of Press, Abolished slavery in the colonies, End to the death penalty for political crimes

Question 5

1 million died of starvation or disease. Another 2 million immigrated to England, Canada, and the United States

Answer 5

Ireland

Question 6

The Revolutions of 1848

Answer 6

Food shortage, overpopulation, and unemployment

Question 7

Without _______________ morality is now more fluid

Answer 7

Absolutes of Christianity

Question 8

Theory wholeheartedly embraced it as undisputed fact by

Answer 8

The academic elite

Question 9

Darwin’s theories primarily applies to

Answer 9

Plants and animals

Question 10

Primary Mechanism of evolution

Answer 10

Natural Selection

Question 11

Charles Darwin English Naturalist __________________ In 1859

Answer 11

On the Origin of Species

Question 12

Marx and Engels envisioned workers

Answer 12

Taking over the means of production and the eventual development of a communist state

Question 13

Karl Marx central argument

Answer 13

Class Struggle

Question 14

In 1848 ____________________ publish that communist manifesto (Blank and Blank)

Answer 14

Karl Marx and Freiderich Engels

Question 15

An ideology that advocates for the elimination/abolition of private property in favor of communal ownership

Answer 15

Communism

Question 16

Socialism

Answer 16

Social, political, and economic doctrine that calls for public rather than private ownership or control of property and natural resources essential to society

Question 17

People derive their identities from their nations, the most potent of all new ideologies

Answer 17

Nationalism

Question 18

A coherent set of beliefs about the way the social and political order should be organized

Answer 18

Ideology

Question 19

Reformers depicted the lower class as

Answer 19

Drunken, disorderly, and dangerously lacking in sexual self-control

Question 20

Charles Dickens books reflect the difficult times (blank and blank)

Answer 20

Oliver Twist and A Christmas Carol

Question 21

In the 1830’s cities half the population depended on _______________ to make ends meet (Blank, blank or blank)

Answer 21

Public welfare, charity, or criminality

Question 22

Because people did not understand the causes of cholera and typhus epidemics

Answer 22

Authorities in most European countries set up public health agencies to coordinate and study sanitation conditions in cities

Question 23

Urbanization

Answer 23

The growth of towns and cities due to the movement of people from rural to urban areas

Question 24

Labor Union goals will always be:

Answer 24

Standard work week, A decent wage, Safe and sanitary working conditions

Question 25

Working class referred to

Answer 25

Laborers in the new factories

Question 26

England became the first site of the industrial revolution for 3 key factors:

Answer 26

Necessary natural resources at home such as coal and iron, Access to raw materials, namely cotton, Private investment capital from overseas trade and commercial profits

Question 27

A Scottish engineer, developed an efficient steam engine in 1776

Answer 27

James Watt

Question 28

Led to the key inventions which drove the development of the industrial revolution

Answer 28

Textile industry

Question 29

Industrialization drove changes in:

Answer 29

The mass migration of laborers to the urban centers, Economic Ideologies, Emergence of a new working class of people, Labor Practices