Chapter 17

Question 1

plasmalemma

Answer 1

cell membrane of fungi, has ergosterol - sterol unique to fungi

Question 2

cell wall of fungi

Answer 2

chitin - polymer of NAG, glucan, and mannan

Question 3

Sabouraud’s medium

Answer 3

selective medium used for fungi growth

just glucose and peptones - low pH

Question 4

yeast

Answer 4

single cells, unicellular
cell division by budding (blastospores)
fungi grow in yeast form in tissue of host when causing infection

Question 5

mold

Answer 5

multicellular, branching cells that form filaments called hyphae
fungi grow in mold form when free-living

Question 6

mycelium

Answer 6

tangled mass of growth of hyphae (mold)

Question 7

aerial mycelium

Answer 7

form of mold that grows on surface - e.g. moldy fruit or bread

Question 8

vegetative mycelium

Answer 8

form of mold that penetrates substrates, gets nutrients

Question 9

fungal asexual reproduction

Answer 9

by production of spores - mitosis

Question 10

conidia

Answer 10

asexual spores

Question 11

fungal sexual reproduction

Answer 11

by mating of cells - meiosis; haploid nuclei form two gametes which fuse to form diploid nucleus

Question 12

fungi imperfecti

Answer 12

fungi that can only reproduce asexually

Question 13

kinds of asexual spores (3)

Answer 13

chlamydospores
blastospores
arthrospores

Question 14

chlamydospores

Answer 14

asexual spores that are thick, swollen, and round cells

Question 15

blastospores

Answer 15

asexual spores that form from budding

Question 16

arthrospores

Answer 16

asexual spores that are thick, rectangular cells

Question 17

two modes of antifungal agents

Answer 17

affecting fungal membrane

affecting fungal processes

Question 18

polyenes

Answer 18

class of antifungal agent that binds to ergosterol

Question 19

azoles

Answer 19

class of antifungal agent that inhibits ergosterol synthesis

Question 20

polyene compounds

Answer 20

amphotericin B and nystatin

Question 21

azole compounds

Answer 21

micronazole, fluconazole, tolnafatate

Question 22

pyrimidines

Answer 22

class of antifungal agent that inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis

Question 23

pyrimidine compounds

Answer 23

5FC (flucytosine)

Question 24

grisans

Answer 24

class of antifungal agent that inhibits microtubule assembly

Question 25

mycotoxicoses

Answer 25

toxic diseases caused by fungi

Question 26

mycoses

Answer 26

fungal infections

Question 27

superficial mycoses

Answer 27

fungal infection limited to outermost layers of skin and hair

Question 28

cutaneous mycoses

Answer 28

fungal infection that goes deeper into epidermis - also hair and nails e.g. tineas, ringworm, athlete's foot

Question 29

subcutaneous mycoses

Answer 29

fungal infection from skin that progresses to lymphatic tissue (due to trauma)

Question 30

systemic (deep) mycoses

Answer 30

fungal infection caused by inhalation of spores - damage to lung, disseminate through bloodstream

Question 31

Cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 31

causes crpytococcal meningitis | thrives in cerebrospinal fluid

Question 32

Cryptococcus neoformans treatment

Answer 32

amphotericin B with flucytosine

Question 33

Cryptococcus neoformans transmission

Answer 33

inhalation of yeast from soil or pigeon droppings

Question 34

Candida albicans

Answer 34

causes yeast infection part of normal microbiota of oral cavity, vagina, and other body parts opportunistic

Question 35

Candida albicans treatment

Answer 35

nystatin

Question 36

Candida albicans morphology in tissue

Answer 36

sausage shaped with pseudo-hyphae and budding yeast

Question 37

Candida albicans morphology in culture

Answer 37

chlamydospores

Question 38

Candida albicans morphology in 37°C serum

Answer 38

germ tubes

Question 39

saccharomyces

Answer 39

yeast involved in baking and brewing

Question 40

amanita

Answer 40

mushroom that produces potent mycotoxin that causes severe abdominal cramping, vomiting, and diarrhea when consumed raw

Question 41

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Answer 41

causes pneumocystis pneumonia; common in HIV+ patients