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Microbiology Exam 3 > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

rhinovirus

A 
causes common cold
positive single-stranded RNA virus 
naked
icosahedral 
over 100 strains
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2
Q

rhinovirus tropism

A

nares, cooler temperatures

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3
Q

rhinovirus transmission

A

airborne respiratory droplets or fomites

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4
Q

rhinovirus symptoms

A

productive cough

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5
Q

adenovirus

A

causes common cold
DNA virus
naked, icosahedral

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6
Q

adenovirus tropism

A

adenoid tissue - soft tissue behind the nasal cavity

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7
Q

adenovirus symptoms

A

cough, fever, sore throat

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8
Q

EV 68

A

an enterovirus
causes severe respiratory infections
recent outbreaks

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9
Q

influenza

A

highly communicable acute respiratory infection

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10
Q

influenza transmission

A

airborne respiratory droplets

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11
Q

adenovirus transmission

A

respiratory droplets

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12
Q

influenza A

A

strikes every year, causes the most epidemics due to reservoirs in humans, pigs, and birds

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13
Q

influenza B

A

strikes every year but less common than type A - reservoir only in humans

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14
Q

influenza C

A

causes mild respiratory illness, no epidemics - reservoir only in humans

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15
Q

flu symptoms

A

fever, body aches, dry coughs

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16
Q

influenza A virus

A

negative single-stranded RNA - 8 segments
enveloped, helical
matrix protein

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17
Q

influenza A virus spikes

A

hemagglutinin (H) spike

neuraminidase (N) spike

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18
Q

hemagglutinin (H) spike

A

on influenza A virus

helps virion attach and penetrate host cells

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19
Q

neuraminidase (N) spike

A

on influenza A virus

helps release virions from the host cell after replication and assembly

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20
Q

influenza vaccine

A

mixture of 2 most common type A subtypes and 1 most common type B subtype

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21
Q

antigenic drift

A

mutation - leads to a small variation within H or N

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22
Q

antigenic shift

A

change/reassortment in one or more of the 8 segments

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23
Q

flumist vaccine

A

attenuated virus vaccine for influenza

24
Q

Guillain-Barré syndrome

A

a complication of the flu

the body damages its own peripheral nerve cells

25
Reye syndrome
a complication of the flu occurs when children take aspirin causes nausea, vomiting, brain and liver problems
26
amantidine, rimantadine
antiviral treatment; inhibit uncoating of virus
27
tamiflu, relenza
antiviral treatment; prevent release of flu virus from virally infected cells by inhibiting the action of N spike
28
RSV disease
respiratory syncytial virus disease, caused RSV virus | causes lung cells to fuse together into syncytia
29
herpesviruses (6)
``` herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2 varicella-zoster virus (VZV) human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Kaposi's sarcoma-like virus (HHV8) ALL ENVELOPED, ALL DOUBLE STRANDED DNA ```
30
HSV-1
causes oral cold sores | virus becomes latent in nearby ganglia after primary infection - can reoccur
31
herpes keratitis
HSV-1 infection of the eye | can cause scarring of cornea an blindness
32
HSV-2
causes genital herpes - itching and throbbing in genital area followed by blisters
33
HSV treatment
Acyclovir - for both HSV 1 and 2 infections | doesn't cure, but shortens and decreases number of outbreaks
34
neonatal herpes
HSV-2 disease passed from infected mothers to newborns during child birth - delays mental development, causes blindness and seizures
35
chickenpox
(varicella) caused by varicella-zoster virus red, itchy rash spreads across body - infection when broken
36
shingles
(zoster) caused by varicella-zoster virus - adult disease occurs when VZV is reactivated and causes blisters and patches of red on one side of the body facial paralysis, "ice-pick" pains
37
shingles vaccine
zostavax - live, attenuated
38
HHV-6
causes roseola in infants - high fever, red rash
39
EBV
oncogenic - can cause Burkitt's lymphoma
40
HHV-8
oncogenic - can cause Kaposi's sarcoma; tumor of the blood vessel walls, causes dark or purple skin lesions
41
HPV
(human papillomavirus) causes common and genital warts some strains are associated with cervical cancer
42
common warts
caused by HPV | benign skin growths
43
genital warts
(condylomata) caused by HPV can be transmitted to infants during delivery
44
HPV vaccine
Gardasil - genital warts/cervical cancer vaccine recombinant quadrivalent - protects against 4 types of HPV
45
measles
(rubeola) causes koplik spots - red patches with white grain-like centers along the gun line maculopapules at hairline - spreads to rest of body
46
measles vaccine
MMR vaccine - measles, mumps, rubella
47
mumps
(infectious parotitis) | enlarged jaw tissues caused by swollen salivary glands (especially the parotid glands)
48
rubella
(german measles) | pale-pink maculopapular rash with occasional fever
49
congenital rubella
fetus infected through placenta child may be born with eye, ear, or heart problems Gene Tierney
50
smallpox
(variola) pink-red macules on face and trunk --> become papules, fluid-filled vesicles --> pustules that break open and emit pus and leave scars (pocks)
51
SARS
(severe acute respiratory syndrome) | emerging upper respiratory illness - 10% mortality rate
52
SARS is caused by:
Coronaviridae
53
SARS transmission
person-to-person contact and fomites | bats - reservoir
54
HHV-6 transmission
respiratory secretions or saliva
55
Postherpetic neuralgia
the persistence of shingles pain for years after the blisters have disappeared
56
chickenpox treatment
attenuated vaccine
57
orchitis
mumps in males - swelling and damage in the testes

Microbiology Exam 3 (7 decks)

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