Chapter 17 Blood

Question 1

Erythrocytes

Answer 1

red blood cells

Question 2

Leukocytes

Answer 2

White blood cells

Question 3

Buffy Coat

Answer 3

where your luekocytes and platelets reside

Question 4

High oxygen in blood

Answer 4

scarlet color

Question 5

Low oxygen in blood

Answer 5

Dark red color of blood

Question 6

pH of blood is…

Answer 6

7.35-7.45 very neutral

Question 7

3 functions of blood

Answer 7

distributing substances, regulating blood levels of substances, protection

Question 8

Distributing substances of blood

Answer 8

• delivering oxygen and nutrients to body cells
• transporting metabolic wastes to lungs and kidneys for elimination
• transporting hormones from endocrine organ to target organs

Question 9

Regulation system of blood

Answer 9

• maintaining our body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat
• maintaining normal pH using buffers
• maintaining adequate fluid volume in circulatory system

Question 10

Protection (blood)

Answer 10

• prevents blood loss: plasma proteins and platelet initiate clot formation
• prevent infection: antibodies, complement proteins, white blood cells

Question 11

Blood Plasma

Answer 11

• it’s 90% water
• has over 100 disolved solutes: nutrients, gases, hormones, wastes, proteins and inorganic ions
• Plasma protiens are the most abundant solutes: remain in blood, not taken up by cells. Proteins produced mostly by liver. 60% albumin, 36% globulin, 4%fibrolins

Question 12

Erythrocytes (red blood cells)

Answer 12

• Biconcave discs, anucleate, essentially no organelles
• filled with hemoglobin (Hb) for gas transport
• Major factor contributing to blood viscosity
• No nucleus, cannot divide

Question 13

Hematopoiesis

Answer 13

A process in which blood cells are formed in red bone marrow. In adults, red bone marrow is found in the axial skeleton, girdles and proximal epiphyses of the humerus and femur.

Question 14

Hematopoietic stem cells (hemocytoblasts)

Answer 14

they give rise to all formed elements. Hormone and growth factor push cell toward specific pathway of blood cell development. Committed cells cannot change.

Question 15

a hematopoietic stem cell becomes a….

Answer 15

reticulocyte-> which enter the red blood cell stream. Once it enters, it takes 2 days to become a red blood cell. You can use a reticulocyte diagnostically because they can only be 2 day old, whereas a red blood cell can be as old as you.

Question 16

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 16

Direct stimulus for erythropoiesis. Alway small amount in blood to maintain basal rate. Released by kidneys (some from liver) in response to hypoxia -> Low blood oxygen

Question 17

Thrombus

Answer 17

a clot that develop and persists in unbroken blood vessel. May block circulation leading to tissue death.

Question 18

Embolus

Answer 18

Thrombus freely floating in bloodstream

Question 19

Embolism

Answer 19

embolus obstructing a vessel. Example would be pulmonary and cerebral emboli

Question 20

Aspirin

Answer 20

antiprostanglandin that inhibits thromboxane A2

Question 21

Heparin

Answer 21

anticoagulant used clinically for pre- and postoperative cardiac care

Question 22

Warfarin (coumadin)

Answer 22

used for those prone to atrial fibrillation. Interfere with action of vitamin K.

Question 23

Plasma

Answer 23

non-living fluid matrix. Not a cellular matrix, serves as the support system for the cell itself