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Anatomy 2 > Chapter 25: The urinary system > Flashcards

Chapter 25: The urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

Renin

A

regulation of blood pressure

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2
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Regulation of RBC production

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3
Q

Kidneys

A

major excretory organs

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4
Q

Ureters

A

transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder

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5
Q

Urinary bladder

A

temporary storage reservoir for urine

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6
Q

Urethra

A

Transports urine out of the body

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7
Q

Blood and Nerve Supply of kidneys

A
  • > Kidneys cleanse blood; adjust its composition
  • > renal arteries deliver ~ 1/4 (1200 ml) of cardiac output to kidneys each minute
  • > arterial flow into and venous flow out of kidneys follow similar paths
  • > Nerve supply via sympathetic fibers from renal plexus
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8
Q

Nephrons

A

Structural and functional units that form urine

two main parts: renal corpuscle and renal tubule

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9
Q

Renal Corpuscle (two parts)

A

Glomerulus: Tuft of capillaries; fenestrated endothelium -> highly porous -> allows filtrate formation

Glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule): Cup-shaped, hollow structure surrounding glomerulus

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10
Q

Three part of Renal Tubule

A

Proximal convouluted tubule: proximal-> closest to renal corpuscle

Nephron Loop

Distal convoluted tubule: Distal -> farthest from renal corpuscle

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11
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule (renal tubule)

A
  • > cuboidal cells with dense microvilli (brush border -> increases surface area
    • > functions in reabsorption and secretion
    • > confined to cortex
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12
Q

Nephron loop (Renal tubule)

A

descending and ascending limbs
distal descending limb =descending thin limb; simple squamous epithelium
Thick ascending limb (cuboidal to columnar cells)

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13
Q

Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) (renal tubule)

A

cuboidal cells with very few microvilli
functions more in secretion than reabsorption
confined to cortex

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14
Q

Collecting duct

A
  • > receive filtrate from many nephrons
  • > run through medullary pyramids -> striped appearance
  • > fuse together to deliver urine through papillae into minor calyces
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15
Q

Cortical nephrons

A

85% of nephrons; almost entirely in cortex

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16
Q

Juxtamedullary nephrons

A

Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla
Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
Important in production of concentrated urine

17
Q

Renal tubule associated with two capillary beds

A

glomerulus

peritubular capillaries

18
Q

How much urine is created from the fluid we process daily?

A

1.5 liters. we produce 180 L daily

19
Q

Glomerular Filtration

A

produces cell and protein free filtrate

20
Q

Tubular Reabsorption

A

Selectively returns 99% of substances from filtrate to blood in renal tubules and collecting ducts

21
Q

Tubular secretion

A

selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal tubules and collecting ducts

22
Q

Kidneys filter body’s entire plasma volume….

A

60 times each day; Consume 20-25% oxygen used by body at rest; produce urine from filtrate

23
Q

Glomerular Filtration

A
  • > passive process
  • > hydrostatic pressure forces fluids and solutes through filtration membrane
  • > Porous membrane between blood and interior of flomerular capsule
24
Q

Net filtration

A

Outward pressure-inward pressure

55-(15+30)= 10 mmHg

25
Q

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

A

Volume of filtrate formed per minute by both kidneys (normal= 120-125 ml/min)

26
Q

Kidney Functions

A

Regulating total water volume and total solute concentration in water.
Regulating ECF ion concentrations
Ensuring long-term acid-base balance
Removal of metabolic wastes, toxins and drugs
Activation of vitamin D
Gluconeogenesis during prolonged fasting

27
Q

The blood-filtering structure of the kidney is called the

A

glomerulus

28
Q

Which type of nephron plays an important role in producing concentrated urine?

A

Juxtamedullary Nephrons

29
Q

What type of response by the afferent arterioles would you expect if blood pressure increased?

A

The afferent arterioles would constrict

30
Q

What would be the effect on urine output if sodium channels in the tubule cells were inhibited?

A

The volume would increase

Anatomy 2 (15 decks)

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