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Anatomy 2 > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation

A

(breathing) movement of air into and out of lungs

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2
Q

External respiration

A

O2 and CO2 exchange between lungs and blood

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3
Q

Internal Respiration

A

O2 and CO2 exchange between systemic blood vessels and tissues

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4
Q

Major organs of the respiratory system

A
  • Nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses.
  • pharynx
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchi and their branches
  • lungs and alveoli
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5
Q

respiratory zone

A

site of gas exchange

microscopic structures-respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli

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6
Q

conducting zone

A

conduits to gas exchange sites

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7
Q

function of the nose

A 
provides and airway for respiration
filters, moistens and warm entering air
produces mucus
serves a resonating chamber for speech
Houses olfactory receptors
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8
Q

function of Paranasal sinuses

A

lighten skull
secrete mucus
help to warm and moisten air

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9
Q

functions of Pharynx

A

connects nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and esophagus
passageway for food and air
composed of skeletal muscle

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10
Q

Function of Larynx

A

provides patent airway
Routes air and food into proper channels
houses vocal folds

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11
Q

Trachea

A

air passageway

Cleans, warms and moistens incoming air

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12
Q

Conducting Zone Structures

A

lobes of lungs, trachea, primary and secondary bronchus

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13
Q

Respiratory zone

A

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs

The alveolar sacs contain clusters of alveoli (site of gas exchange)

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14
Q

Alveolar macrophages

A

keep alveolar surfaces sterile

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15
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

deliver systemic venous blood to lungs for oxygenation

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16
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

carry oxygenated blood from respiratory zones to heart

17
Q

Bronchial Arteries

A

provide oxygenated blood to lung tissue

18
Q

Inspiration

A

gases flow into lungs

19
Q

Expiration

A

gases exit lungs

20
Q

Atmospheric pressure (P atm)

A

Pressure exerted by air surrounding body

760 mm Gh at sea level = 1 atmosphere

21
Q

Intrapulmonary Pressure (P pul)

A

Pressure in alveoli

fluctuates with breathing but always eventually equalizes with Patm

22
Q

Alveolar surface tension

A

Attracts liquid molecules to one another at gas-liquid interface
Resists any force that tends to increase surface area of liquid

23
Q

Tidal Volume

A

Quiet breathing volume (~500ml)

24
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

A

Volume forcibly inspired past normal TV inspiration

25
Q

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

A

Volume forcibly expelled after normal TV expiration

26
Q

Residual Volume (RV)

A

Volume present after ERV that keeps lungs from collasping

27
Q

Spirometer

A

instrument for measuring respiratory volumes and capacities

28
Q

External respiration

A

diffusion of gases in lungs

29
Q

Internal respiration

A

Diffusion of gases at body tissues

30
Q

Dalton’s Law

A

Total pressure extered by mixture of gases= sum of pressures exerted by each gas.
Partial Pressure- Pressure exerted by each gas in mixture.

31
Q

Henry’s Law

A

Gas will dissolve in liquid in proportion to its partial pressure.
Amount of each gas that will dissolve depends on;
-Solubility-CO2 20 times more soluble in water than O2; little N2 dissolves in water
-As temperature rises, solubility decreases

32
Q

Perfusion

A

Blood flow reaching alveoli

33
Q

Ventilation

A

Amount of gas reaching alveoli

34
Q

how is Oxygen transported in blood

A

Molecular oxygen is carried in the blood;

  1. 5% of it is dissolved in the plasma
  2. 5% is loosely bound to each Fe (Iron) of hemoglobin (Hb) in RBC’s
35
Q

How is Carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

A

it is transported in the blood in three forms:
7-10% dissolved in plasma
20% bound to gloving of hemoglobin
70% transported as bicarbonate ions in plasma

36
Q

Hyperventilation

A

increased depth and rate of breathing that exceeds body’s need to remove CO2. Decreased blood CO2 levels (hypocapnia)

37
Q

Apnea

A

Breathing cessation from abnormally low Pco2

38
Q

Acclimatization

A

respiratory and hematopoietic adjustments to long-term move to high altitude.
Chemoreceptors become more responsive to Partial co2 when partial o2 declines
Always lower than normal Hb saturation levels. (less oxygen available)
Decline in blood oxygen stimulates kidney to accelerate production of EPO.
RBC numbers increase slowly to provide long term compensation

39
Q

major functions of the respiratory system

A

supplys the body with O2 for cellular respiration.

Dispose of CO2, which is a waste product of cellular respiration

Anatomy 2 (15 decks)

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