Chapter 17 Drugs, Diseases, and Dissection Flashcards
(234 cards)
1
Q
the study of nature, uses, and effects of drugs
A
pharmacology
2
Q
a medication that may be purchased by prescription or from a licensed professional
A
prescription drug
3
Q
a medication that may be purchased without a prescription
A
over-the-counter drug
4
Q
a medication not protected by a brand name or trademark
A
generic drug
5
Q
a generic drug is also known as a
A
nonproprietary drug
6
Q
substance that produces effect by binding to an appropriate receptor
A
agonist
7
Q
substance that inhibits a specific action by binding with a particular receptor instead of allowing the agonist to bind to the receptor
A
antagonist
8
Q
serum containing specific antibodies extracted from a hyperimmunized animal or an animal that has been infected with the microorganisms containing antigen
A
antiserum
9
Q
specific antiserum aimed at a poison that contains a concentration of antibodies extracted from the serum or plasma of a healthy animal
A
antitoxin
10
Q
bacterial vaccine
A
bacterin
11
Q
bound to and precipitated out of solution
A
chelated
12
Q
recommendation not to use
A
contraindication
13
Q
movement of solutes from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration of particles
A
diffusion
14
Q
amount of medication based on units of weight of animal
A
dosage
15
Q
time between administration of a drug (such as BID or QID)
A
dosage interval
16
Q
amount of medication measured
A
dose
17
Q
agent used to diagnose, prevent, or treat a disease
A
drug
18
Q
extent to which the drug causes the intended effect; effectiveness
A
efficacy
19
Q
originating from inside the body
A
endogenous
20
Q
originating from outside the body
A
exogeneous
21
Q
water-loving; ionized form
A
hydrophilic
22
Q
excessive level of blood potassium
A
hyperkalemia
23
Q
excessive level of blood sodium
A
hypernatremia
24
Q
solution that has more particles than the solution its being compared to (the tonicity of solutions is usually compared to blood)
A
hypertonic
25
deficiency of blood potassium
hypokalemia
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deficiency of blood sodium
hyponatremia
27
solution that has fewer particles than the solution that it's being compared to
hypotonic solution
28
low circulating blood volume
hypovolemia
29
electrically charged
ionized
30
solution that has equal particles to the solution that it's being compared to
isotonic solution
31
fat-loving; nonionizing form
lipophilic
32
vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin developed specifically for a single antigen or organism
monovalent
33
not charged electrically
nonionized
34
movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane along its concentration gradient
osmosis
35
physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action
pharmacodynamics
36
the impact of of genetic variation on drugs effects with hopes of achieving "personalized medicine"
pharmacogenomics
37
movement of drugs or chemicals; consists of absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and elimination
pharmacokinetics
38
inactive substance that is used for its suggested effects or substances used as a control in an experimental setting
placebo
39
vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin that is active against multiple antigens or organisms; mixed vaccine
polyvalent
40
avoidance; also called prophylaxis
prevention
41
course of treatment
regimen
42
defree of fullness or rigidity caused by fluid content
turgor
43
product containing a disease-causing organism or antigen administered to stimulate the production of antibodies to fight infection
vaccine
44
vapors and gases taken in through the nose and mouth and absorbed into the bloodstream through the lungs
inhalation
45
within the artery; abbreviated IA
intra-arterial
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within the skin; abbreviated ID
intradermal
47
within the muscle; abbreviated IM
intramuscular
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within the eye
intraocular
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within the bone (medullary cavity of a long bone)
intraosseous
50
within the peritoneal cavity; abbreviated IP
intraperitoneal
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within a sheath; injection of a substance through the spinal cord and into the subarachnoid space; thec/o means sheath; abbreviated IT
intrathecal
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within the trachea or windpipe
intratracheal
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within the vein; abbreviated IV
intravenous
54
process of making a fine mist; a method of drug administration
nebulization
55
administration via the GI tract
nonparenteral
56
by mouth; abbreviated PO
oral
57
through routes other than the GI tract
parenteral
58
through the skin
percutaneous
59
by rectum
rectal
60
under the skin or dermal layer; abbreviated SQ, SC, or subq
subcutaneous
61
under the tongue
sublingual
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across the skin
transdermal
63
substance that relieves pain without affecting consciousness
analgesic
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substance that produces lack of snesation
anesthetic
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substance that neutralizes stomach acid
antacid
66
substance that works against intestinal worms
anthelmintic
67
substance that inhibits the growth of or kills bacteria
antibiotic
68
substance that inhibits clots formation
anticoagulant
69
substance that prevents seizures
anticonvulsant
70
substance that prevents vomiting
antiemetic
71
substance that treats neoplasms; usually used against malignancies
antineoplastic agent
72
substance that controls itching
antipuritic agent
73
substance that reduces fever
antipyretic
74
chemical agent that kills or prevents the growth of microorganisms on living tissue
antiseptic
75
substance that reduces coughing
antitussive
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state without infection
asepsis
77
substance that changes heart rate
chronotrope
78
substance that kills or damages cells
cytotoxic agent
79
chemical agent that kills or prevents the growth of microorganisms on inanimate objects
disinfectant
80
substance that induces vomiting
emetic
81
agent that kills internal and external parasites
endectocide
82
substance that prevents or decreases the body's reaction to invasion by disease or foreign material
immunosuppresent
83
substance affecting muscle contraction
inotrope
84
substance used to contract pupils
miotic agent
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substance that breaks up mucus and reduces its viscosity
mucolytic
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substance used to dilate the pupils
mydriatic agent
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to destroy all organisms including bacterial endospores
steralize
88
apothecary unit of measure used for prescription vials
dram (one dram= 4ml)
89
the branch of science that treats diseases, injuries, and deformities by manual or operative methods
surgery
90
surgery method where change is made with an incision, such as setting a fracture; also known as closed
manipulative
91
involving the use of freezing to destroy tissue
cryogenic
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involving the use of heat to destroy tissue
cauterizing
93
placed side to side
appositional
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precautions taken to prevent contamination of a surgical wound
aseptic technique
95
tearing away of a part
avulsion
96
act of approximating
coaptation
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removal of material or growths from the surface of a cavity
curettage
98
removal of foreign material and devitalized or contaminated tissue
debridement
99
disruption or opening of the surgical wound
dehiscence
100
separation or cutting apart
dissect
101
removal of an organ in whole; usually used for the eyeball
enucleation
102
healing by growth of the epithelium over an imcomplete surface
epithelialization
103
turning outward
eversion
104
removal or exposure of internal organs
eviscerate
105
to surgically remove
excise
106
to move an internal organ to the outside of the body
exteriorize
107
perforation
fenestration
108
mass of tissue for grafting in which part of the tissue still adheres to the body; used for repairing defects adjacent to the mass site
flap
109
easily crumbled
friable
110
destruction of living tissue by electric sparks generated by a high-frequency current
fulguration
111
tissue or organ for transplantation or implanation
graft
112
a graft from another individual of the same species
allograft
113
a graft from the same individual
autograft
114
a graft from genetically identical animals, such as twins or inbred strains
isograft
115
overlapping of opposing surfaces to realign organs and provide extra support
imbrication
116
material implanted or grafted into the body
implant
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surgically cut into
incise
118
common term for "during surgery" intraoperatively
intraop
119
turning inward
inversion
120
covering or sheath that contains a sequestrum of bone
involucrum
121
act of tearing
ligate
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general term for surgical removal of a mass
lumpectomy
123
irrigation of tissue with a fluid
lavage
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insertion of a metal rod into the medullary cavity of a long bone
pinning
125
common term for after surgery; postoperatively
postop
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to remove an organ or tissue
resect
127
forcible tearing
rupture
128
surgical removal off a saclike part; usually refers to the removal of anal sacs
sacculectomy
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accumulation of serum beneath the surgical incision
seroma
130
to cut across
transect
131
pierce through and through
transfix
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applying material to move liquid from one area to another
wicking
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Apparatus for sterilizing by steam under pressure
autoclave
134
common term for abdominal wrap
belly band
135
flat metal bars with screw holes that is used in bone fracture repair
bone plate
136
screw that hold bone fragments together to repair fractures
bone screws
137
moveable joint of any ringed instrument
boxlock
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band of metal that completely or partially goes around the circumference of a bone that is used in conjunction with other stabilization methods to repair a fracture
cerclage wire
139
clamping device for holding a drill bit
chuck
140
instrument used to secure or hold things
clamp
141
instrument with cupped head to scrape material from cavity walls
curette
142
device by which a channel may be established for the exit of fluids from a wound
drain
143
cloth arranged over a patient's body to provide a sterile field around the area to be examined, treated, or incised
drape
144
various materials used to cover and protect a wound
dressing
145
bloodless castration device using small elastic bands
elastrator
146
instrument used to reflect tissue from bone
elevator
147
instrument used to crush and sever spermatic cord through intact skin
emasculatome
148
locking instrument used to grab and ligate vessels and tissues to control bleeding; also called hemostat
hemostatic forcep
149
metal rods that are inserted into the medullary cavity of long bones to repair stable fractures
intramedullary pins
150
artificial substitute for a diseased or missing part of the body
prosthesis
151
graded locking portion of an instrument located near the finger rings
ratchet
152
instrument used to hold back tissue
retractor
153
forceps with cupped jaws used to break large bone pieces into smaller ones or to cut through tough tissue
rongeurs
154
sawlike edge or border
serration
155
bandage for supporting part of the body
sling
156
tweezer-like, nonlocking instrument used to grasp tissue
tissue forceps
157
specific procedure by which an organ or a part is exposed
approach
158
surgical cut perpendicular to the long axis of the body, caudal to the last rib
flank incision
159
surgical cut oriented parallel to the last rib
paracostal incision
160
surgical cut lateral and parallel to the ventral midline but not on the midline
paramedian incision
161
surgical cut along the midsagittal plane of the abdomen along the linea alba
ventral midline incision
162
removing living tissue to examine it
biopsy
163
removing entire mass, tissue, or organ to examine
excisional biopsy
164
cutting into and removing part of a mass, tissue, or organ to examine it
incisional biopsy
165
insertion of a needle into a tissue for extraction of tissue to be examined
needle biopsy
166
postmortem examination that consists of thorough examination of a dead animal to determine cause and manner of death and to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present
necropsy
167
dull, not sharp
blunt
168
needle that has 2 or 3 opposing cutting edges
cutting needles
169
act of tying
ligation
170
substance used to lie or strangle a part
ligature
171
single strand of material (used to describe suture)
monofilament
172
several strands twisted together (used to describe suture)
multifiliament
173
metal staple-like device used for vessel ligation
surgical clip
174
eyeless needle; needle joined with suture material in a continuous unit
swaged needle
175
needle with a rounded tip that is sharp to allow piercing but not cutting of tissue
taper needle
176
ac
before meals (ante cibum)
177
ad lib
as much as desired
178
bid
twice daily
179
BSA
body surface area
180
cal
calorie
181
cap
capsule
182
cc
cubic centimeter (same as ml)
183
cm
centimeter
184
conc
concentration
185
dr
dram; equal to 1/8 oz or 4 ml
186
d5w
5%dextrose in water
187
ED
effective dose
188
ED50
median effective dose
189
fl oz
fluid ounce
190
g
gram
191
gal
gallon
192
gt
drop
193
gtt
drops
194
IU
International Unit or intrauterine
195
lb or #
pound
196
LD
lethal dose
197
LRS
Lactated Ringers' Solution
198
MBC
minimum bacterial concentration
199
mcg
microgram
200
MED
minimal effective dose
201
mEq
milliequivalent
202
MIC
minimum inhibitory concentration
203
MLD
minimum lethal dose
204
npo
nothing by mouth
205
NS
Normal saline
206
NSAID
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
207
OTC
over the counter
208
pc
after meals (post cibum)
209
po
orally
210
ppm
parts per million
211
PR
per rectum
212
prn
as needed
213
pt
pint
214
PZI
protamine zinc insulin
215
q
every
216
qd
every day
217
qh
every hour
218
qid
4 times daily
219
qn
every night
220
qod or eod
every other day
221
qp
as much as desired
222
rx
prescription
223
sid
once daily
224
sig
let it be written as
225
sol'n or sol
solution
226
T
tablespoon or tablet or temperature
227
tid
three times daily
228
tsp or t
teaspoon
229
vol
volume
230
bx
biopsy
231
fx
fracture
232
ICU
intensive care unit
233
OR
operating room
234
sx
surgery
