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Pathophysiology > Chapter 17 Endocrine/Hormones > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Endocrine/Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Hormones secreted by the Hypothalamus

A 
TRH- thyrotropin-releasing hormone
GnRH- gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Somatostatin
GHRH- Growth hormone-releasing hormone
CRH- corticotropin-releasing hormone
Substance P
PIF- prolactin-inhibiting factor
PRH-Prolactin-releasing hormone
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2
Q

Hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland

A

ADH- antidiuretic hormone

Oxytocin

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3
Q

Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

A 
ACTH- adrenocorticotropic hormone
LH- Luteinizing hormone
FSH- follicle stimulating hormone
TSH- thyroid stimulating hormone 
GH- growth hormone
Prolactin 
MSH_ melanocyte stimulating hormone
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4
Q

Hormones secreted by the thyroid

A

T3-triiodothrronine
T4- thyroxine
calcitonin

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5
Q

Hormones secreted by the parathyroid gland

A

PTH- parathyroid hormone

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6
Q

Hormones secreted by the pancreas

A

Insulin

glucagon

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7
Q

Hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex

A

Cortisol

Aldosterone

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8
Q

Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla

A

epinephrine

norepinephrine

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9
Q

Hormones secreted by the testes

A

testosterone

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10
Q

Hormones secreted by the ovaries

A

estrogen

progesterone

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11
Q

Function and location of ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone
Posterior pituitary
conserves water, reabsorption of water in kidneys

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12
Q

Function and location of oxytocin

A

posterior pituitary

uterine contractions and lactation

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13
Q

Function and location of ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone
anterior pituitary
production of glucocorticoids by adrenal cortex

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14
Q

Function and location of MSH

A

melanocyte stimulating hormone
anterior pituitary
production of pigment in skin

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15
Q

Function and location of GH

A

growth hormone
anterior pituitary
promotes growth in body tisssue

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16
Q

Function and location of TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone
anterior pituitary
production and release of thyroid hormones

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17
Q

Function and location of FSH

A

follicle stimulating hormone
anterior pituitary
spermatogenesis (males)
maturation of ovarian follicles (females)

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18
Q

Function and location of prolactin

A

anterior pituitary

secretion of breast milk

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19
Q

Function and location of LH

A

luteinizing hormone
anterior pituitary
causes ovulation (females)
production of estrogen and progesterone (females)
production of androgen by interstitial cells in testes (males)

20
Q

Function and location of T3

A

Triiodothyronine
thyroid
increase cellular metabolism

21
Q

Function and location of T4

A

thyroxine
thyroid
increase cellular metabolism

22
Q

Function and location of calcitonin

A

thyroid
osteoblastic
lowers serum Ca++

23
Q

Function and location of PTH

A

parathyroid hormone
parathyroid
osteoclastic
raises serum Ca++

24
Q

Function and location of insulin

A

pancreas beta cells
promotes use of glucose
lowers serum glucose

25
Q

Function and location of glucagon

A

pancreas alpha cells
promotes use of glycogen
raises serum glucose

26
Q

Function and location of somatostatin

A

pancreas delta cells

inhibits insulin and glucogon secretion

27
Q

Function and location of cortisol

A

adrenal cortex
antagonize effects of insulin
inhibit inflammatory response
inhibits fibroblastic activity

28
Q

Function and location of aldosterone

A

adrenal cortex

promotes retention of Na+

29
Q

Function and location of androgens and estrogens

A

adrenal cortex

development of secondary sexual characteristics

30
Q

Function and location of epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

adrenal medulla

regulate BP by effects on vascular smooth muscle and heart

31
Q

Effects of catecholamines on the brain

A

increased blood flow

increased glucose metabolism

32
Q

Effects of catecholamines on the cardiovascular system

A

increased rate and force of contraction

peripheral vasoconstriction

33
Q

Effects of catecholamines on the pulmonary system

A

increased oxygen supply
bronchodilation
increased ventilation

34
Q

Effects of catecholamines on the muscle

A

increased glycogenolysis
increased contraction
increased dilation of skeletal muscle vasculature

35
Q

Effects of catecholamines on the Liver

A

increased glucose production

increased gluconeogene

36
Q

Effects of catecholamines on adipose tissue

A

increased lipolysis

increased fatty acid and glycerol

37
Q

Effects of catecholamines on the skin

A

decreased blood flow

38
Q

Effects of catecholamines on the skeleton

A

decreased glucose uptake and utilization

decreased insulin release

39
Q

Effects of catecholamines on the GI tract

A

decreased protein synthesis

40
Q

Effects of catecholamines on the lymphoid tissue

A

increased protein breakdown

41
Q

What hormones act as intracellular receptors

A

Nonpolar hormones

42
Q

What hormones act as extracellular receptors

A

Polar hormones

43
Q

hormones that circulate freely are _____

A

Polar hormones

44
Q

What type of hormone needs carrier proteins

A

Nonpolar hormones

45
Q

Down regulation is

A

decreased cell receptors due to increase of the amount of circulating hormones

46
Q

Up regulation is

A

increased cell receptors due to decrease of the amount of circulating hormones

47
Q

Function and location of melatonin

A

Pineal gland

Regulates circadian rhythms

Pathophysiology (8 decks)

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