Chapter 17 Multiple Choice Flashcards
In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued that the best political system in a modern society is one where
a. the legislature exercises absolute and unlimited power.
b. the king exercises absolute and unlimited power.
c. power is divided between the three branches of government.
d. the nobility is uninvolved.
e. all government resources are focused on military power.
c.
The recognized capital of the Enlightenment was
a. Geneva.
b. Berlin.
c. London.
d. Vienna.
e. Paris.
e.
A key new type of enlightened writing fueling skepticism about the “truths” of Christianity and European society was
a. psychological autobiography.
b. travel reports and comparative studies of old and new world cultures.
c. ribald stories of peasant ignorance.
d. aristocratic joke books showing the bad humor of supposed social elites.
e. scientific treatises based upon philosophical induction.
b.
The leader of the Physiocrats and their advocacy of natural economic laws was
a. Denis Diderot.
b. Adam Smith.
c. Francois Quesnay.
d. Cesare Beccaria.
e. David Hume.
c.
Voltaire was best known for his criticism of
a. the German monarchical system.
b. the separation of church and state.
c. religious intolerance
d. Plato and the Greeks.
e. Chinese civilization.
c.
An early female philosophe who published a translation of Newton’s Principia and who was the mistress of Voltaire was
a. Mary Wollstonecraft.
b. Marie Antoinette.
c. Mary Astell.
d. Catherine the Great.
e. the Marquise du Chatelet
e.
Deism is the belief that
a. religion is fairy tales to frighten the superstitious.
b. if God exists, he has no interest in the world.
c. God created the universe but does not actively run it
d. a transcendent spirit controls every event.
e. praying matters.
c.
The purpose of Diderot’s encyclopedia, according to him, was to
a. get the uneducated masses to respect authority.
b. usher in God’s kingdom on earth.
c. dispute the claims of science.
d. exacerbate the hedonism of his peers.
e. change the general way of thinking.
e.
The belief in natural laws underlying all areas of human life led to
a. scientific theism.
b. an abandonment of the scientific method.
c. intellectual stagnation.
d. the formation of several agnostic religious movements.
e. the social sciences.
e.
Diderot’s most famous contribution to the Enlightenment’s battle against religious fanaticism, intolerance, and prudery was his
a. great play “Is Rome Burning?”
b. 28-volume Encyclopedia compiling articles by many influential philosophes.
c. autobiography published in French.
d. biography of Newton, “the greatest European.”
e. unconditional support for enlightened despotism.
b.
Adam Smith believed that government
a. should not interfere in people’s economic decisions.
b. set prices across the board to maintain stability.
c. should encourage people to share and help each other.
d. has a responsibility to the people to manage the economy.
e. is not necessary and should be eliminated entirely.
a.
The author of The Progress of the Human Mind and who became a victim of the French Revolution was
a. Condorcet.
b. Holbach.
c. Quesnay.
d. Arouet.
e. Danton.
a.
Who said that individuals “will forced to be free”?
a. Baron Paul d’Holbach
b. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
c. Denis Diderot
d. Francois Quesnay
e. Voltaire
b.
Montesquieu’s Persian Letters
a. expressed his admiration of Islam and the East.
b. was a translation of a great literary work from ancient Persia.
c. was a method that allowed him to criticize the Catholic Church and the French monarchy.
d. was first written Latin but later translated into French.
e. was published first in Italy.
c.
For Rousseau, the “general will” was
a. a meaningless abstraction and impediment to reason.
b. derived from the law of supply and demand.
c. a license to do as one pleased.
d. a social consensus to which the individual must bow.
e. identical to Locke’s social contract.
d.
For Rousseau, what was the source of inequality and the chief cause of crimes?
a. divine right monarchy
b. marriage
c. religion
d. ignoring the “general will”
e. private property
e.
Rousseau’s influential novel, Emile, deals with these key Enlightenment themes:
a. proper child rearing and human education
b. the best roles for women in making modern society
c. the necessity of church marriage and reform of church teaching on this sacrament
d. the abolition of the pope’s restrictions on religious practices and the content of sermons
e. the evils of child abuse.
a.
Salons were
a. literary-minded gatherings where advanced ideas were discussed.
b. luxurious carriages designed for long trips in the country.
c. another name for bordellos.
d. taverns in the poor districts where riots often started.
e. lavish parties at court where nobles were entertained.
a.
The strongest statement and vindication of women’s rights during the Enlightenment was made by
a. Mary Wollstonecraft.
b. Beatrice Williams.
c. Mary Astell.
d. Princess Amelia of Austria.
e. Maria Cavendish.
a.
The Rococo artistic style of the eighteenth century was
a. confined to France.
b. expressed in the architectural works of Baron d’Holbach.
c. evident in the masterpieces of Balthasar Neumann.
d. characterized by strict geometric patterns and an emphasis on power.
e. more severe and mathematical than the Baroque.
c.
Choose the correct relationship between the Rococo artist and his work.
a. Antoine Watteau, Return from Cythera
b. Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Plurality of Worlds
c. Balthasar Neumann, pilgrimage church of the Sitzkrieg Vierzehnheiligen
d. Domenikus Zimmermann, the salon
e. Bernini, Versailles
a.
Johann Sebastian Bach
a. was best known for his cantatas and motets.
b. became a close German confidant of Voltaire.
c. produced religious music as a way to worship God.
d. was the major Catholic composer of the seventeenth century.
e. wrote Messiah.
c.
European music in the later eighteenth century was well characterized by
a. Haydn and Mozart, who shifted the musical center from Italy and Germany to the Austrian Empire.
b. Handel, the most religiously inspired of the period’s composers.
c. the strictly elitist, aristocratic works of Haydn.
d. the innovative, secular compositions of Bach.
e. the neoclassical works of Wagner.
a.
Which eighteenth-century composer was considered most innovative and wrote the opera, The Marriage of Figaro?
a. Bach
b. Handel
c. Haydn
d. Beethoven
e. Mozart
e.
