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Block 4 test > chapter 17 - patient assessment > Flashcards

chapter 17 - patient assessment Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

what are the tools used to enhance a patient assessment?

A

stethoscope, otoscope, sphygmomanometer (bp cuff), ophthalmoscope, thermometer, penlights

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2
Q

what tool is used to auscultate sound and vibrations

A

stethoscope

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3
Q

what tool is used to visualize the inner ear and tympanic membrane (eardrum). Also good way to assess for cerebrospinal fluid in the ear and nose after trauma

A

otoscope

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4
Q

used to assess blood pressure, manually

A

sphygmomanometer

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5
Q

the three key parts of the sphygmomanometer are what?

A

the bulb, the cuff, and the manometer (carefully calibrated scale)

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6
Q

what tool is used to examine the inside of an eye

A

opthalmoscope

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7
Q

what is the blurring of the optic disc, as a result of increased intracranial pressure

A

papilledema

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8
Q

another word for farsighted is what

A

hyperopic

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9
Q

another name for nearsighted is what

A

pyopic

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10
Q

what tool measures a patient’s core body temperature in either degrees of celsius or degrees of fahrenheit

A

thermometer

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11
Q

what tool allows you to assess pupillary response and illuminate openings such as the ear nasopharynx, and oropharynx to inspect for fluids

A

penlights

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12
Q

antegrade amnesia

A

the inability to remember short term memory information after an event during which the head was struck

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13
Q

auscultation

A

the process of listening to body noises with a stethoscope

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14
Q

AVPU

A

mnemonic for Awake Verbal Pain Unresponsive, used to evaluate a patients mental status

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15
Q

battle signs

A

significant bruising around the mastoid process (behind the ears)

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16
Q

borborygmus

A

hyperactivity of bowel sounds

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17
Q

bowel sounds

A

the noises made by the intestinal smooth muscles as they spueeze fluids and food products through the digestive tract

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18
Q

bradycardia

A

heart rate slower than 60 beats/min (from brady, meaning slow)

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19
Q

bradypnea

A

a respiratory rate less than 12 breaths/min

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20
Q

bruit

A

the blowing or swishing sound created by the turbulence within a blood vessel

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21
Q

carotid bruit

A

the noise made when blood in the carotid arteries passes over plaque buildups

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22
Q

core body temperature

A

the measured body temperature within the core of the body; generally measured with an esophageal probe; normal is 98.6 F

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23
Q

CSM

A

Circulation, Sensation, and Movement

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24
Q

cullen’s sign

A

yellow-blue ecchymosis surrounding the umbilicus

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25
cyanosis
a bluish coloration of the skin as a result of hypoxemia, or deoxygenation of hemoglobin
26
diastole
the period when the ventricles are relaxed and filling with blood
27
diastolic blood pressure
the pressure exerted against the walls of the large arteries during ventricular relaxation
28
ecchymosis
collection of blood within the skin that appears blue-black, eventually fading to a greenish-brown and yellow, commonly called a bruise
29
fluctuance
a wavelike motion felt between two fingertips when palpating a fluid filled structure such as a subcutaneous abscess
30
gasping
inhaling and exhaling with quick, difficult breaths
31
grey-turners sign
bruising along the flanks that may indicate pancreatitis or intraabdominal hemorrhage
32
grunting
a short low pitched sound heard at the end of exhalation that represents an attempt to generate positive end expiratory pressure by exhaling against a closed glottis, prolonging the period of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange across the alveolar capillary membrane
33
gurgling
abnormal respiratory sounds associated with collection of liquid or semisolid material in the patients upper airway
34
head bobbing
indicator of increased work of breathing in infants; the head falls forward with exhalation and comes up with expansion of the chest on inhalation
35
hypertension
elevated blood pressure
36
hyperthermia
a core temperature greater than 98.6 F
37
hypotension
low blood pressure significant enough to cause inadequate perfusion
38
hypothermia
a core body temperature below 95 F
39
induration
hardened mass within the tissue typically associated with inflammation
40
Korotkoff sounds
the noise made by blood under pressure tumbling through the arteries
41
lesions
a wound injury or pathologic change in body tissue; any visible, local abnormality of the tissues of the skin, such as a wound, sore, rash, or boil
42
life threatening conditions
a problem of the circulatory, respiratory, or nervous system that will kill a patient within minutes if not properly managed
43
minute volume
the amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in 1 minute; determined by multiplying the tidal volume by the respiratory rate
44
nasal flaring
widening of the nostrils on inhalation; an attempt to increase the size of the airway and increase the amount of available oxygen
45
nysagmus
involuntary rapid movement of the eyes in the horizontal, vertical, or rotary planes of the eyeball
46
painful stimulus
any stimulus that causes discomfort to the patient, triggering some sort of response
47
palpation
the process of applying pressure against the body with the intent of gathering information
48
percussion
a diagnostic technique that uses tapping on the body to differentiate air, solids, and fluids
49
photosensitivity
a condition in which the patient's eyes are sensitive or feel pain when exposed to bright light
50
pleural friction rub
noise made when the visceral and parietal pleural rub together
51
point of maximum impulses
PMI - tha apical impulse; the site where the heartbeat is most strongly felt
52
pulse oximetry
a measure percent of saturated hemoglobin
53
pulse pressure
the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures
54
raccoon eyes
bruising around the orbits of the eyes
55
range of motion
the full and natural range of a joints movement
56
rapid medical assessment
a quick head to toe assessment of a medical patient who is unresponsive or has an altered mental status
57
rapid trauma assessment
a quick head to toe assessment of a trauma patient with a significant mechanism of injury
58
rebound tenderness
discomfort experienced by the patient that occurs when the pressure from palpation is released
59
retractions
sinking in of the soft tissues above the sternum of clavicle or between or below the ribs during inhalation
60
retrograde amnesia
the inability to remember events or recall memories from before an event in which the head was struck
61
S1
the sound of the tricuspid and mitral valves closing
62
S2
the sound of the closing of the pulmonary and aortic valves
63
signs and symptoms
signs are a medical or trauma condition of the patient that can be seen, heard, smelled, measured, or felt during the examination; symptoms are conditions described by the patient, such as shortness of breath, or pieces of information bystanders tell you about the patients chief complaint
64
shock
inadequate systemic perfusion
65
skin turgor
the elasticity of the skin; good skin turgor returns the skins natural shape within 2 seconds
66
sniffing position
neck flexing at the 5th and 6th cervical vertebrae, with the head extended at the frist and second cervical vertebrae. this position aligns the axes of the mouth, pharynx, and trachea, opening the airway and increasing airflow
67
snoring
noisy breathing through the mouth and nose during sleep; caused by air passing through a narrowed upper airway
68
stridor
a harsh, high pitched sound heard on inspiration associated with upper airway obstruction; often described as a high pitched crowing or seal bark sound
69
systole
the period when the ventricles are contracting
70
systolic blood pressure
the pressure exerted against the walls of the large arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction
71
tachycardia
a heart rate greater than 100 beats/min
72
tachypnea
an increased respiratory rate, usually greater than 30 beats/min
73
tidal volume
the volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during a normal breath; can be indirectly evaluated by observing the rise and fall of the patients chest and abdomen
74
tripod position
position used to maintain an open airway that involves sitting upright and leaning forward with the neck slightly extended, chin projected, and mouth open and supported by the arms
75
verbal stimulus
any noise that elicits some sort of response from the patient
76
visual acuity card
a standardized board used to test vision
77
voluntary guarding
conscious contraction of the abdominal muscles in an attempt to prevent painful palpation
78
wheezes
high pitched whistling sounds produced by air moving through narrowed airway passages

Block 4 test (9 decks)

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