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Micobiology > Chapter 17 - Specific Immunity > Flashcards

Chapter 17 - Specific Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

The third line of defense is ________

A

Acquired

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2
Q

Due to dual system of B and T lymphocytes

A

Third line of defense

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3
Q

Distinction between PAMPs and antigens

A

Antigen

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4
Q

What are two features that characterize specific immunity?

A
  • Specificity

- Memory

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5
Q

What are the T cells involved in cell mediated immunity called?

A

Helper and killer T cells

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6
Q

Antibody mediated immunity

A

B cells

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7
Q

Fight infection

A

Plasma B cells

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8
Q

Remembers

A

Memory B cells

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9
Q

What are the major functions of cell receptors?

A
  1. To perceive and attach to nonself or foreign molecules
  2. To promote the recognition of self molecules
  3. To receive and transmit chemical messages among other cells of the system
  4. To aid in cellular development
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10
Q
  • Receptors found on all cells except RBCs

- Plays role in recognition of self

A

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

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11
Q

Genes for MHC clustered in a multigene complex are either:

A
  • Class I

- Class II

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12
Q
  • Role in surveillance and recognition
  • B-cell receptors
  • T-cell receptors
  • Clonal Selection Theory
A

Lymphocyte receptors

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13
Q

Memory cells are stored in the _________ ______

A

Lymphatic system

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14
Q
  • Formed by genetic recombination, with variable and constant regions
  • 2 parallel polypeptide chains
  • Small, not secreted
A

T-Cell receptors for antigen

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15
Q
  • Bone marrow and stromal cells
  • Distinct B cells
  • Antigens
  • Immunoglobin
A

B-cell maturation

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16
Q
  • Thymus gland
  • T-cell receptors
    • CD4 and CD8
  • Mature T cells migrate to lymphoid organs
A

T-cell maturation

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17
Q

What does Ag stand for?

A

Antigen

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18
Q

Foreigness, size, shape, and accessibility

A

Antigenicity

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19
Q
  • Perceived as foreign
  • Foreign cells and large complex molecules
  • Antigenic determinants
    • Epitope
A

Antigens

20
Q

Small foreign, molecules that consist only of a determinant group
- Not antigenic unless attached to a larger carrier

A

Haptens

21
Q

What are the special categories of antigens?

A
  • Alloantigens
  • Superantigens
  • Allergen
  • Autoantigens
22
Q

What are the five classes of immunoglobulins (Ig)?

A
  1. IgG
  2. IgA
  3. IgM
  4. IgD
  5. IgE
23
Q

Produces IgM and IgG

A

Primary response

24
Q

Anamnestic response

A

Secondary response

25
Q
  • Act directly against Ag and foreign cells

- Secrete ctokines

A

T cells

26
Q

Sensitized T cells are:

A

Cell mediated immunity

27
Q

What are the three types of T cells?

A
  1. T helper cells (CD4 or T^H)
  2. Cytotoxic T cells (CD8 or T^c)
  3. Natural killer cells
28
Q
  • Reaction has drastic consequences
  • Superantigens are a form of a virulence factor
  • Provoke overwhelming immune responses by large numbers of T cells
A

T cells and superantigens

29
Q

What overwhelming immune responses by large numbers of T cells are provoked by T cells and superantigens?

A
  • Release of cytokines
  • Blood vessel damage
  • Toxic shock
  • Multiorgan damage
30
Q

Immune serum globulin (ISG), gamma globulin, contains immunoglobulin extracted from pooled blood; immunotherapy

A

Passive immunity

31
Q

Deliberately exposing a person to material that is antigenic but not pathogenic

A

Artificial active immunity (Vaccination)

32
Q

Stimulate a primary and secondary anamnestic response

A

Principal of vaccination

33
Q

Response to a future exposure will be immediate, powerful, and sustained

A

Vaccination

34
Q

Most vaccines are prepared from:

A
  1. Killed whole cells or inactivated viruses
  2. Live, attenuated cells or viruses
  3. Antigenic molecules derived from bacterial cells or viruses
  4. Genetically engineered microbes or microbial agents
35
Q
  • Cultivate and kill but do not destroy antigenicity

- Often require a larger dose and more boosters to be effective

A

Killed or inactivated vaccines

36
Q

Lessens or negates the virulence of viruses or bacteria

A

Live attenuated cells or viruses

37
Q

Acellular or subcellular vaccines (subunit-if a virus)

A

Antigenic molecules

38
Q

Exact antigenic determinants can be used when known:

A
  • Capsules- pneumococcus, menigococcus
  • Surface protein- anthrax, hepatitis B
  • Exotoxins- diphtheria, tetanus
39
Q

_______ can be taken from cultures, produced by genetic engineering, or synthesized

A

Antigen

40
Q

Insert genes for pathogen’s antigen into plasmid vector, and clone them in an appropriate host

A

Genetically engineered vaccines

41
Q

Experimental vaccines for AIDS, herpes simplex 2, leprosy, tuberclosis

A

“Trojan horse” vaccine

42
Q

Experimental vaccines for Lyme disease, hepatitis C, herpes simplex, influenza, tuberculous, malaria

A

DNA vaccines

43
Q

Most vaccines are administered by _________; few oral, nasal

A

Injection

44
Q

Some vaccines require adjuvant to _______ ____________ and prolong retention of antigen

A

Enhance immunogenicity

45
Q

There are _________ requirements for development of vaccines

A

Stringent

46
Q

There are more ________ than ____ to vaccines

A

Benefits than risk

47
Q

Possible side effects of a vaccine include:

A

Local reaction at injection site, fever, allergies; rarely back-mutation to a virulent strain, neurological effects

Micobiology (15 decks)

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