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A & P Unit 4 > Chapter 18 The Heart > Flashcards

Chapter 18 The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

The heart is approximately the size of your

A

fist

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2
Q

The heart is at the superior surface of the

A

diaphragm

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3
Q

The heart is left of the

A

midline

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4
Q

The hear is anterior to the

A

vertebral column, posterior to the sternum

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5
Q

Heart Anatomy

A

See picture on back

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6
Q

Pericardium

A

a double-wall sac around the heart

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7
Q

The pericardium is a superficial

A

fibrous pericardium

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8
Q

the pericardium is a deep two-layer

A

serous pericardium

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9
Q

The deep two-layer pericardium

A
  • the parietal layer lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium
  • the visceral layer or epicardium lines the surface of the heart
  • these two layers are separated by the fluid-filled pericardial cavity
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10
Q

The perocardium

A
  • protects and anchors the heart
  • prevents overfilling of the heart with blood
  • allows for the heart to work in a relatively friction-free environment
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11
Q

Pericardial Layers of the Heart

A

See picture on back

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12
Q

The heart wall is made up of the

A

epicardium, myocardium, fibrous skeleton, and endocardium

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13
Q

epicardium

A

visceral layer of the serous pericardium

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14
Q

myocardium

A

cardiac muscle layer forming the bulk of the heart

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15
Q

fibrous skeleton of the heart

A

crisscrossing, interlacing layer of connective tissue

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16
Q

endocardium

A

the endothelial layer of the inner myocardial surface

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17
Q

Cardiac muscle bundles

A

See picture on back

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18
Q

External Heart: Major Vessels of the Heart (Anterior View)

Vessels returning blood to the heart include:

A
  • Superior and inferior venae cavae

* Right and left pulmonary veins

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19
Q

External Heart: Major Vessels of the Heart)Anterior View)

Vessels conveying blood away from the heart:

A
  • Pulmonary trunk, which splits into right and left pulmonary arteries
  • Ascending aorta (three branches)-brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and subclavian arteries
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20
Q

External Heart: Vessels that Supply/Drain the Heart (Anterior View)
Arteries:

A

right and left coronary (in an atrioventricular groove), marginal, circumflex, and anterior interventricular arteries

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21
Q

External Heart: Vessels that Supply/Drain the Heart (Anterior View)
Veins:

A

small cardiac, anterior cardiac and great cardiac veins

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22
Q

Picture of the Heart (anterior view)

A

See picture on back

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23
Q

External Heart: Major Vessels of the Heart (Posterior View)

Vessels returning blood to the heart include:

A
  • right and left pulmonary veins

* superior and inferior venae cavae

24
Q

External Heart: Major Vessels of the Heart (Posterior View)

Vessels conveying blood away from the heart include:

A
  • aorta

* right and left pulmonary arteries

25
Q

External Heart: Vessels that Supply/Drain the Heart (Posterior View)
Arteries:

A

right coronary artery (in an atrioventricular groove) and the posterior interventricular artery (an interventricular groove)

26
Q

External Heart: Vessels that Supply/Drian the Heart (Posterior View)
Veins:

A

great cardiac vein, posterior vein to the left ventricle, coronary shuns, and middle cardiac vein

27
Q

Picture of the Heart (Posterior View)

A

See picture on back

28
Q

Picture of the Heart (inside view)

A

See picture on back

29
Q

Atria

A

are the receiving chambers of the heart

30
Q

Each atrium has a

A

protruding auricle

31
Q

Pectinate muscles mark

A

atrial walls

32
Q

Blood enters right atria from superior and inferior

A

venae cavae and coronary sinus

33
Q

Blood enters left atria from

A

pulmonary veins

34
Q

Ventricles

A

are the discharging chambers of the heart

35
Q

Papillary muscles and trabeculae carneae muscles mark

A

ventricular walls

36
Q

right ventricle pumps blood into the

A

pulmonary trunk

37
Q

left ventricle pumps blood into the

A

aorta

38
Q

Right and left ventricles

A

See picture on back

39
Q

Pathway of Blood through the heart

  • right atrium-> tricuspid valve->
  • right ventricle-> pulmonary semilunar vavle->
A

right ventricle

pulmonary arteries-> lungs

40
Q

Pathway of Blood through the lungs

  • Lungs-> pulmonary veins->
  • Left atrium-> bicuspid valve->
  • Left ventricle-> aortic semilunar valve->
  • Aorta->
A

left atrium
left ventricle
aorta
systemic circulation

41
Q

Systemic Circuit

A

See picture on back

42
Q

Heart Valves

Aortic semilunar valve lies between the

A

left ventricle and the aorta

43
Q

Heart Valves

Pulmonary semilunar valve lies between the

A

right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

44
Q

Heart Valves

Semilunar valves

A

prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles

45
Q

Electrocardiography

Electrical activity is recorded by

A

electrocardiogram (ECG)

46
Q

Electrocardiography

P wave corresponds to

A

depolarization of SA node

47
Q

Electrocardiography

QRS complex corresponds to

A

ventricular depolarization

48
Q

Electrocardiography

T wave corresponds to

A

ventricular repolarization

49
Q

Electrocardiography

Atrial repolarization record is masked by

A

the larger QRS complex

50
Q

Heart sounds (lub-dup) are associated with

A

closing of heart valves

51
Q

Heart Sounds

First sound occurs as AV valves close and

A

signifies the beginning of systole

52
Q

Heart Sounds

Second sound occurs when SL valves close at the

A

beginning of ventricular diastole

53
Q

The cardiac cycle refers to all events associated with

A

blood flow through the heart

54
Q

Systole

A

contraction of the heart muscle

55
Q

Diastole

A

relaxation of the heart muscle

A & P Unit 4 (6 decks)

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