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A & P Unit 4 > Chapter 18 The Heart > Flashcards

Chapter 18 The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

The heart is approximately the size of your

A

fist

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2
Q

The heart is at the superior surface of the

A

diaphragm

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3
Q

The heart is left of the

A

midline

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4
Q

The hear is anterior to the

A

vertebral column, posterior to the sternum

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5
Q

Heart Anatomy

A

See picture on back

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6
Q

Pericardium

A

a double-wall sac around the heart

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7
Q

The pericardium is a superficial

A

fibrous pericardium

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8
Q

the pericardium is a deep two-layer

A

serous pericardium

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9
Q

The deep two-layer pericardium

A
  • the parietal layer lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium
  • the visceral layer or epicardium lines the surface of the heart
  • these two layers are separated by the fluid-filled pericardial cavity
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10
Q

The perocardium

A
  • protects and anchors the heart
  • prevents overfilling of the heart with blood
  • allows for the heart to work in a relatively friction-free environment
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11
Q

Pericardial Layers of the Heart

A

See picture on back

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12
Q

The heart wall is made up of the

A

epicardium, myocardium, fibrous skeleton, and endocardium

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13
Q

epicardium

A

visceral layer of the serous pericardium

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14
Q

myocardium

A

cardiac muscle layer forming the bulk of the heart

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15
Q

fibrous skeleton of the heart

A

crisscrossing, interlacing layer of connective tissue

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16
Q

endocardium

A

the endothelial layer of the inner myocardial surface

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17
Q

Cardiac muscle bundles

A

See picture on back

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18
Q

External Heart: Major Vessels of the Heart (Anterior View)

Vessels returning blood to the heart include:

A
  • Superior and inferior venae cavae

* Right and left pulmonary veins

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19
Q

External Heart: Major Vessels of the Heart)Anterior View)

Vessels conveying blood away from the heart:

A
  • Pulmonary trunk, which splits into right and left pulmonary arteries
  • Ascending aorta (three branches)-brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and subclavian arteries
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20
Q

External Heart: Vessels that Supply/Drain the Heart (Anterior View)
Arteries:

A

right and left coronary (in an atrioventricular groove), marginal, circumflex, and anterior interventricular arteries

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21
Q

External Heart: Vessels that Supply/Drain the Heart (Anterior View)
Veins:

A

small cardiac, anterior cardiac and great cardiac veins

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22
Q

Picture of the Heart (anterior view)

A

See picture on back

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23
Q

External Heart: Major Vessels of the Heart (Posterior View)

Vessels returning blood to the heart include:

A
  • right and left pulmonary veins

* superior and inferior venae cavae

24
Q

External Heart: Major Vessels of the Heart (Posterior View)

Vessels conveying blood away from the heart include:

A
  • aorta

* right and left pulmonary arteries

25
External Heart: Vessels that Supply/Drain the Heart (Posterior View) Arteries:
right coronary artery (in an atrioventricular groove) and the posterior interventricular artery (an interventricular groove)
26
External Heart: Vessels that Supply/Drian the Heart (Posterior View) Veins:
great cardiac vein, posterior vein to the left ventricle, coronary shuns, and middle cardiac vein
27
Picture of the Heart (Posterior View)
See picture on back
28
Picture of the Heart (inside view)
See picture on back
29
Atria
are the receiving chambers of the heart
30
Each atrium has a
protruding auricle
31
Pectinate muscles mark
atrial walls
32
Blood enters right atria from superior and inferior
venae cavae and coronary sinus
33
Blood enters left atria from
pulmonary veins
34
Ventricles
are the discharging chambers of the heart
35
Papillary muscles and trabeculae carneae muscles mark
ventricular walls
36
right ventricle pumps blood into the
pulmonary trunk
37
left ventricle pumps blood into the
aorta
38
Right and left ventricles
See picture on back
39
Pathway of Blood through the heart * right atrium-> tricuspid valve-> * right ventricle-> pulmonary semilunar vavle->
right ventricle | pulmonary arteries-> lungs
40
Pathway of Blood through the lungs * Lungs-> pulmonary veins-> * Left atrium-> bicuspid valve-> * Left ventricle-> aortic semilunar valve-> * Aorta->
left atrium left ventricle aorta systemic circulation
41
Systemic Circuit
See picture on back
42
Heart Valves | Aortic semilunar valve lies between the
left ventricle and the aorta
43
Heart Valves | Pulmonary semilunar valve lies between the
right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
44
Heart Valves | Semilunar valves
prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles
45
Electrocardiography | Electrical activity is recorded by
electrocardiogram (ECG)
46
Electrocardiography | P wave corresponds to
depolarization of SA node
47
Electrocardiography | QRS complex corresponds to
ventricular depolarization
48
Electrocardiography | T wave corresponds to
ventricular repolarization
49
Electrocardiography | Atrial repolarization record is masked by
the larger QRS complex
50
Heart sounds (lub-dup) are associated with
closing of heart valves
51
Heart Sounds | First sound occurs as AV valves close and
signifies the beginning of systole
52
Heart Sounds | Second sound occurs when SL valves close at the
beginning of ventricular diastole
53
The cardiac cycle refers to all events associated with
blood flow through the heart
54
Systole
contraction of the heart muscle
55
Diastole
relaxation of the heart muscle

A & P Unit 4 (6 decks)

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