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BMS 110 > Chapter 19 > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Flashcards

1
Q

the complete set of genes (& alleles) in a certain organism

A

genome

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2
Q

Experimented with Pea Plants

A

Gregor Mendel

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3
Q

based on predictions from one-trait crosses

A

Rule of Segregation

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4
Q

two genes of each pair are separated from each other, so they end up in different gametes (occurs in diploid cells)

A

Rule of Segregation

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5
Q

based on predictions from two-trait crosses

A

Rule of Independent Assortment

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6
Q

gene pairs of one trait are sorted out for distribution into one gamete or another independently of how the gene pair of another trait are sorted out (meiosis)

A

Rule of Independent Assortment

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7
Q

~ 3 billion base pairs of this

A

DNA

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8
Q

specific location of the gene on a chromosome

A

Locus

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9
Q

Humans have about this many genes

A

21,500

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9
Q

each version of a gene

A

Allele

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9
Q

two copies of each gene on pairs of homologous chromosomes

A

Diploid cells

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9
Q

observable functional or physical traits

A

Phenotype

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9
Q

inherited alleles

A

Genotype

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9
Q

Homozygous Dominant

A

AA

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10
Q

Homozygous Recessive

A

aa

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11
Q

Heterozygous

A

Aa

12
Q

pairs of alleles separated during gamete formation

A

Law of Segregation

13
Q

Grid used to determine possible outcomes of genetic crosses

A

Punnett Square

14
Q

Measure of the chance that some particular outcome will occur

A

Probability

15
Q

traits determined by genes that are on the autosomal chromosomes

A

Autosomal

16
Q

Particular ______ for each gene

A

locus

17
Q

occurs in meiosis

A

Crossing over

18
Q

diploid cells have homologous pairs of these

A

chromosomes

19
Q

genes in a diploid cell have how many alleles?

A

2 alleles

20
Q

between genes if the distance between them is short

A

linkage

21
Q

Genes are distributed into gametes in regular what?

A

patterns

22
Q

between individuals heterozygous for two traits yields sixteen different gamete unions

A

Dihybrid Cross

23
Q

Occurs during Meiosis

A

Independent Assortment

24
Q

identify genes that control common reactions to various drugs

A

pharmacogenetics

25
Q

wide-ranging effect of one gene

A

pleiotropy

26
Q

heterozygous for a trait, but both alleles are expressed

A

codominance

27
Q

a gene that has three or more alleles

A

Multiple allele system

28
Q

probability that someone who inherits an allele will have the phenotype associated with it

A

penetrance

29
Q

homozygous recessive
100% penetrance

A

Cystic Fibrosis

30
Q

Dominant allele for extra digits
incompletely penetrant

A

Polydactyly

31
Q

combined expression of several genes

A

polygenic traits

32
Q

populations show a range of continuous differences

A

continuous variation

33
Q

phenotypes shaped by one or more genes and affect by the environment

A

multifactorial trait

BMS 110 (11 decks)

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