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General Botany > Chapter 19 > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

There are about _____ known species of mushrooms, rusts, smuts, mildews, molds, stinkhorns, puffballs, truffles, and other organisms in the kingdom fungi. With over 1,000 more being named every year

A

45,000

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2
Q

Hyphae

A

Individual delicate threads

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3
Q

Mycelium

A

A collective mass of hyphae

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4
Q

Mycologist

A

Scientist who studies fungi

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5
Q

Mycophagist

A

Consumer of a mushroom type fungi

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6
Q

Mycologist comes from the Greek word ______, meaning “a fungus”

A

Myketos

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7
Q

All true fungi have ______ in their cell walls

A

Chitin

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8
Q

Chitin

A

A large nitrogenous polysaccharide that is tough and flexible

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9
Q

All fungi are ___________ or _____________ ________

A

Filamentous, or unicellular heterotrophs

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10
Q

Saprobe

A

Organism that lives on dead organic matter

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11
Q

Mycorrhizal fungi have a __________ relationship with plants

A

mutualistic

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12
Q

Chytrids produce

A

Flagellated reproductive cells

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13
Q

Chytrid

A

simple, mostly one celled organisms that include many parasites of protists, aquatic fungi, aquatic flowering plants and algae

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14
Q

Rhizoids

A

Branching threads that anchor the organism to its food source

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15
Q

Coenocytic

A

Multinucleate mycelia without crosswalls

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16
Q

Sporangiophores

A

grow upright and produce ________

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17
Q

Sporangia

A

produced at the tip of a sporangiophore

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18
Q

Spores

A

produced within sporangium

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19
Q

Progametangia

A

Swellings produced with the chemicals of one hypha being attracted to another

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20
Q

The progametangia grow toward one another until the touch, a crosswall is formed a short distance behind each tip and two ___________ emerge

A

Gametangia

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21
Q

When the Gametangia appears, this entire mass becomes a single, large multinucleate _________-

A

coenozygote

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22
Q

Zygosporangium

A

thick wall that surrounds the coenozygote

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23
Q

Truffles

A

gourmet mushrooms that are found using pigs

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24
Q

Ascomycetes

A

Varied phylum of true fungi which includes truffles, morels, powdery mildews, etc.

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25
conidia (singular: Conidium)
spores that are produced externally-- Outside of a sporangium-- either singly or In chains at the tips of hyphae called CONIDIOPHORES
26
Budding
Appears in asexual production of yeasts// As a yeast cell buds, the nucleus divides, and a small protuberance appears to balloon out slowly from the cell. One daughter nucleus moves into the bud, which becomes pinched off as it grows to full size
27
Asci (singular: ascus)
tiny, fingerlike sacs
28
Antheridia
Male
29
Ascogonia
female
30
Crozier
Acogenous hyphae
31
Hymenium
finger like, tubular asci
32
ergotism
a disease that can be developed after eating bread made with grains affected by disease
33
Plant diseases caused by fungi
- Potato blight | - downy mildew of grapes
34
Stinkhorn fungi's pollinators
Insects attracted to the nasty smell
35
Basidiomycetes
club fungi
36
Why are basidiomycetes called club fungi?
Because in sexual reproduction, they produce their spores at the tips of swollen hyphae that often resemble small clubs
37
Basidia (plural: basidium)
Swollen hyphal tips
38
Dolipore
central pore
39
Monokaryotic
The hyphae of the mycelium are divided into cells that each contain a single haploid nucleus
40
dikaryotic
Each cell has 2 nuclei
41
Basidioma
above ground instrument for spore dispersal. Ex: Mushroom
42
Volva
swollen structure at the base of a mushroom
43
gills
found on the underside of a mushroom cap
44
Basidia
found among the gills, oriented at right angles among the gills
45
Basidiospores
produced from basidia.
46
Shelf/ Bracket Fungi
grow out horizontally from the bark or dead wood to which they are anchored
47
Birds nest fungi method of dispersal:
water splashing in the "nests"
48
Lentinacin
An agent capable of lowering human cholesterol, found in shiitake mushrooms
49
Imperfect fungus
any fungus for which a sexual stage has not been observed is classified as this
50
Haustoria
small, rhizoid-like outgrowths that grow into a victims body and digest it
51
penicillium molds secrete
penicillin
52
Penicillin
A widely used antibiotic
53
Antibiotic
A substance produced by a living organism that interferes with the normal metabolism of another living organism
54
Aflatoxin
most potent natural carcinogen known, causes liver cancer
55
Lichens live in a _________ relationship
symbiotic
56
Thallus
spongy component that carries out photosynthesis
57
Layers of a Lichen
- Upper cortex - Algal Layer - medulla - lower cortex
58
upper cortex
Protective layer
59
Algal Layer
Algal or cyanobacterial cells are scattered among strands of hyphae
60
medulla
Storage unit for the lichen. consists of loosely packed hyphae.
61
Lower cortex
frequently but not always present. Resembles the upper cortex. covered in anchoring strands of Hyphae called rhizines
62
Rhizines
Anchoring strands of hyphae located on the lower cortex
63
3 types of Lichens
- Crustose - Foliose - fruticose
64
Crustose
Attached or embedded over the entire lower surface of their substrate
65
Foliose
Have somewhat leaflike thalli, which often overlap one another. They are weakly attached to the substrate. The edges are frequently crinkly or divided into lobes
66
Fruticose
May resemble miniature shrubs or hang down in festoons from branches. Their thalli which are usually branches are basically in cylindrical in form and are attached at one point.
67
soredia (singular: soredium)
powdery clusters of hyphae and algae
68
Isidia
specialized parts of the thallus that may break off or be separated by decay

General Botany (18 decks)

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