Chapter 20

Question 1

Gametangia

Answer 1

Gamete producing structures

Question 2

Sporangia

Answer 2

spore producing structures

Question 3

Bryophytes have a

Answer 3

sterile cell jacket

Question 4

embryos

Answer 4

Immature plantlets

Question 5

The bryophytes are characterized into these three phyla

Answer 5

• Phylum Hepaticophyta (liverworts)
• Phylum Anthocerophyta (hornworts)
• Phylum Bryophyta (mosses)

Question 6

Phylum Hepaticophyta

Answer 6

Liverworts. Gametophytes grow horizontally and have a flattened or leafy appearance which may resemble lobes of animal liver. The gametophyte of some liverworts may form cup like structures that produce spores asexually, although sexual reproduction also takes place to produce the sporophyte

Question 7

Phylum Anthocerophyta

Answer 7

Hornworts. Gametophytes may resemble those of liverworts, sometimes with a crumpled appearance and, after fertilization, the sporophyte resembles a hornlike structure that projects out of the gametophyte

Question 8

Phylum Bryophyta

Answer 8

Mosses. Gametophytes vary but can have stem-like and leaflike structures that make them distinguishable from liverworts and hornworts. Sporophytes produced after fertilization often tower above the gametophyte generation and release spores from unique sporangia

Question 9

None of the bryophytes have

Answer 9

xylem or phloem

Question 10

Hydroids

Answer 10

water conducting cells in the centers of their stems

Question 11

Leptoids

Answer 11

food conducting cells surrounding hydroids

Question 12

Alternation of Generations

Answer 12

A pattern of reproduction occurring in the life cycles bryophytes and other organisms (gametophyte and sporophyte)

Question 13

In mosses, the leafy part of the plant is part of the ___________ generation

Answer 13

gametophyte generation, that produces the gametes

Question 14

The _____ generation grows from a leafy gametophyte and produces _________

Answer 14

sporophyte, spores

Question 15

Monophyletic

Answer 15

derived from a common ancestor

Question 16

Thalli, singularl: thallus

Answer 16

flattened, lobed, somewhat leaflike bodies of liverworts

Question 17

Protonema

Answer 17

immature gametophyte consisting of a short filament of cells

Question 18

Marchantia is a type of

Answer 18

thalloid liverwort

Question 19

Marchantia reproduces asexually by means of

Answer 19

Gemmae, singular: gemma

Question 20

gemmae, singular: gemma

Answer 20

tiny lense shaped pieces of tissue that become detached from the thallus. they are produced in small gemma cups on the surface of the liverwort

Question 21

Gametophores

Answer 21

umbrella like structures borne on slender stalks rising from the central grooves of the thallus

Question 22

male gametophore is called

Answer 22

anteridiophore, Shaped disklike with a scalloped margin

Question 23

Female gametophyte and shape

Answer 23

Archegoniophore, looks like the hub and spokes of a wagon wheel

Question 24

Club shaped male gametangia

Answer 24

antheridia

Question 25

Flask-like female gametangia

Answer 25

archegonia

Question 26

antheridia produce

Answer 26

sperm

Question 27

archegonia produce

Answer 27

eggs

Question 28

After fertilization, the zygote develops into a multicellular

Answer 28

embryo

Question 29

embryo

Answer 29

an immature sporophyte

Question 30

A knoblike ____ anchors the sporophyte

Answer 30

foot

Question 31

the sporophyte hangs suspended from the underside of the archegoniophore by a short, thick stalk called

Answer 31

seta

Question 32

The main part of the sporophyte , in which different types of tissues develop is called

Answer 32

a capsule

Question 33

Liverwort sporophytes typically have

Answer 33

no stomata

Question 34

sporocytes

Answer 34

spore mother cells, in the capsule undergo meiosis, producing haploid spores

Question 35

Elaters

Answer 35

long pointed things with spiral thickenings. they are sensitive to changes in humidity

Question 36

Spore dispersal in marchantia takes place when

Answer 36

elaters twist and untwist rapidly

Question 37

Until the young sporophyte is mature, it is protected by the

Answer 37

calyptra

Question 38

calyptra

Answer 38

a caplike tissue that grows out from the gametophyte

Question 39

Hornworts reproduce asexually primarily by

Answer 39

fragmentation

Question 40

3 kinds of mosses

Answer 40

- peat mosses - rock mosses - true mosses

Question 41

Venter

Answer 41

thick nasty cells surrounding the tube and egg

Question 42

Neck canal

Answer 42

canal that leads to the egg

Question 43

Operculum

Answer 43

little rimmed lid that protects a capsule

Question 44

peristomes

Answer 44

structures through which spores are released after the operculum falls off

Question 45

desiccation

Answer 45

ability to tolerate drying out