Chapter 19 and 20 - Renal System

Question 0

thick part of loop of henle is made of blank epithelium

Answer 0

cuboidal

Question 1

thin part of loop of henle is made of blank epithelial tissue

Answer 1

simple squamous

Question 2

nephrons that dip from cortex all the way into medulla

Answer 2

juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 3

bowman’s capsule and glomerulus podocytes function

Answer 3

filters plasma by bulk flow

Question 4

proximal tubule funtion

Answer 4

reabsorbs large solutes which also moves water via osmosis

Question 5

loop of henle function

Answer 5

reabsorbs more solutes than water

Question 6

loop of henle creates blank urine

Answer 6

dilute

Question 7

loop of henle sets up blank in renal medulla

Answer 7

high concentration

Question 8

distal tubule and collecting duct function

Answer 8

dynamic reabsorption and secretion which determines final urine concentration

Question 9

filtration is done by blank and blank

Answer 9

bulk flow, lateral hydraulic pressure

Question 10

reabsorption and secretion are both controlled by blank via blank

Answer 10

membrane transport, simple diffusion

Question 11

GFR is the blank

Answer 11

glomerular filtration rate

Question 12

glomerular filtration is about blank liters per day

Answer 12

180

Question 13

blank pressure must be greater than blank pressure or the kidneys stop working

Answer 13

lateral, osmotic

Question 14

pressure changes in arterioles alter renal blood flow by changing

Answer 14

hydraulic pressure, glomerular filtration rate

Question 15

three processes for local GFR regulation

Answer 15

myogenic response, tubuloglomerular feedback, hormones/autonomic neurons

Question 16

local GFR regulation that has stretch sensitive ion channels opening which causes contraction to lower blood flow to lower filtration pressure

Answer 16

myogenic response

Question 17

local GFR regulation that is in the juxtaglomerular apparatus by paracrine control using renin

Answer 17

tubuloglomerular feedback

Question 18

long term local gfr regulation that changes resistance in arterioles and alters capillary surface area or permeability

Answer 18

hormone/autonomic neurons

Question 19

secretion is a blank process

Answer 19

active

Question 20

secretion allows urine conc to be greater than blank solute

Answer 20

plasma

Question 21

secretion regulates blood concentration and pH by

Answer 21

Na+, K+, H+

Question 22

blank percent of penicillin is excreted in 3 hours

Answer 22

80

Question 23

probenecid competes for blank anion blank which allows for slower blank

Answer 23

organic, transporter, excretion

Question 24

excretion rates can vary for different blank

Answer 24

solutes

Question 25

rate that solute is removed from plasma

Answer 25

clearance

Question 26

clearance is determined by comparing solute in blank vs blank

Answer 26

blood, urine

Question 27

this is used to determine gfr because barely any is reabsorbed or secreted

Answer 27

creatinine

Question 28

plant root polysaccharide that is a perfect measurement of gfr and doctor's usually use this test if they know the patient's kidneys are the problem

Answer 28

inulin

Question 29

there should be no glucose in the urine because it is all balnk

Answer 29

reabsorbed

Question 30

urea is reabsorbed but not all of it so

Answer 30

some is peed out

Question 31

we have a transporter to blank penicillin but none to blank it

Answer 31

filter, reabsorb

Question 32

these nephrons just alter blank not blank

Answer 32

volume, concentration

Question 33

renal medulla has about half concentration of blank and another half blank

Answer 33

salts, urea

Question 34

adh causes blank of urea transporters which blanks urea

Answer 34

exocytosis, increases

Question 35

aldosterone causes blank of urea transporters which blanks urea and increases blank concentration

Answer 35

endocytosis, decreases, salt

Question 36

adh increases number of blank in apical membrane which moves more water out of blank

Answer 36

aquaporins, collecting duct

Question 37

most potent vasoconstrictor made by body

Answer 37

ANG II

Question 38

these are given to diabetics to decrease blood volume

Answer 38

ACE inhibitors