Chapter 19- Disorders Of Cardiac Function Flashcards by Alyssa Elder

Arteries and arterioles function as what?

Distribution system to move blood to the tissues

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Capillaries serve as what?

an exchange system where the transfer of gases, nutrients, and wastes takes place

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what do venues and veins serve as?

serve as collection and storage vessels that return blood to the heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Electrocardiography is also known as what?

12 lead ECG or EKG

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the most common diagnostic test for the heart?

Cardiac catheterization or arteriography

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is pericarditis?

inflammation of the pericardium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

causes of Pericarditis?

Triad symptoms

 - Pain (relieved with leaning forward)
 - Friction rub (rubbing sound heard w/ stethoscope)
 - ECG changes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Friction rub is associated with what?

Pericarditis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

leaning forward helps relieve what problem?

Pericarditis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the treatment for Pericarditis and why?

Treatment = NSAID’s
Aspirin, prednisone, etc.
Why = given to decrease inflammation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Pericardial Effusion?

The accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Consequences of pericardial effusion?

DECREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT!

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why is there decreased cardiac output with pericardial effusion?

fluid in pericardial cavity, restricts heart expansion
right and left ventricles cannot accept enough blood
left ventricle = decreased cardiac output
Right ventricle = increased venous pressure; jugular distention
Decreased cardiac output from the left ventricle = DECREASED BLOOD PRESSURE AND SHOCK

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Signs and Symptoms of Pericardial Effusion?

EARLY

Tachypenia
Tachycardia
Decreased LOC
Restlessness and Irritability

LATE

Hypotension
Unable to wake
Modeling

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cardiac Tamponade is what?

A Medical Emergency!

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

You usually have ___________________ that leads to a cardiac tamponade

A Pericardial Effusion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cardiac Tamponade?

Compression of the heart due to accumulation of fluid, pus, or blood in the pericardial sac

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

where are cardiac enzymes released from?

necrotic heart cell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Myoglobin is specific to what?

skeletal and heart muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Creatine kinase (CK) is specific to what?

skeletal and heart muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Creatine Kinase (CK-MB)?

myocardial b fraction

- specific to skeletal and heart muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Troponin is specific to what?

Specific to the heart muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the key diagnostic test to determine heart issues?

Troponin** (Will be elevated!)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is stable angina?

occurs when oxygen demands are increased either caused by activity or stress

** pain during activity (ex: mowing lawn) but then goes away with rest!

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Variant angina?

pain when coronary arteries spasm | ex: emotional stress, cocaine use, alcohol withdrawal

No increase in cardiac enzymes is seen in what type of angina?

Unstable Angina

Unstable Angina occurs when?

Occurs at rest (or with minimal exertion)

Unstable Angina may occur at rest, BUT?

DOESN'T GET BETTER WITH REST

When your symptoms stay even with rest, what type of angina is it?

Unstable Angina

What does an EKG show in NSTEMI?

Shows signs of ST depression

NSTEMI signs and symptoms are similar to what?

Unstable angina

What does an EKG show in STEMI?

Shows ST elevation or a new left bundle branch block

Manifestations of STEMI?

- Abrupt onset - Severe and crushing chest pain ( usually substernal, radiating to L arm, neck, or jaw) - SOB - Gastrointestinal complaints ( nausea and vomiting) - complaints of fatigue and weakness - Tachycardia, anxiety, restlessness, feelings of doom - pale, cool, and moist skin

What STEMI manifestations are more common in women?

- Gastrointestinal complaints (Nausea and vomiting) - Complaints of fatigue and weakness - Tachycardia, anxiety, restlessness, feelings of doom

What STEMI manifestations are more common in men?

- Severe and crushing chest pain (Usually substernal and radiating to L arm,neck, or jaw) - pale, cool, and moist skin - SOB

Any person with an MI looks what?

Looks grey

A big circulatory sign is what?

Decreased urine output

What is a key diagnostic finding for determining if a patient is suffering from cardiac tamponade?

Pulsus Paradoxus

Signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade ?

- Jugular vein distention - Hypotension - Narrowed pulse pressure - signs of circulatory shock (pallor—> cyanosis) - Muffled heart sounds - pulsus paradoxus

Treatments for cardiac tamponade?

- pericardiocentesis (Temporary fix) - Surgery

Ischemia = ?

Lack of O2

How fast do you want to get an ECG in someone you suspect has a MI?

Within 10minutes (5-10)

What cardiac enzymes should you get with someone with a suspected MI?

- Tropinin - Myoglobin - CK - CK-MB

Interventions for MI?

*MONA* M- Morphine O- Oxygen N- Nitroglyceron A- Aspirin - Heparin (intravenous)

What is the #1 answer in terms of what intervention to give for MI?

ALWAYS GIVE OXYGEN!

What is the 1st priority for management of MI?

Cardiac catheterization If cath lab is not available, administer TPA within 30 minutes of arrival

AMI = ?

Acute Myocardial Infarction

What is the most common cause of sudden death?

Ventricular Fibrillation (Cardiac arrhythmiad)

____________pnea pnea = __________

Respiratory

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is the most common sudden death in who?

Young Adults. (Young athletes)

What is Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

Ventricles are usually thick so there is not a normal amount of room for blood inside

A young adult with Hyperteophic Cardiomyopathy May suffer ____________________ during exertion?

Sudden death

Manifestations of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

- Dyspnea | - chest pain during exertion

________________________ is a common cause of heart failure?

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Manifestations of dilated cardiomyopathy?

- Dyspnea - Orthopnea - Reduced exercise capacity - Increased fatigue

Defibrillators are used for the treatment of _________________ ?

Cardiomyopathy Defibrillators - shock the ❤️ when it goes into ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation ( will shock them out of it to keep them alive)

What is a Murmur?

Ineffective closing of a valve

Infective Endocarditis is most commonly a result ofwhat?

Bacteria

Infective Endocarditis is typically from what?

Dental procedures

Rheumatic Fever is typically caused by what?

Untreated strep throat | ( streptococcal infection)

Chronic phase of Rheumatic Fever typically affects what?

Affects - Heart - Heart valves

Signs and symptoms of Rheumatic Fever?

- Sore throat - Abdominal pain - Headache - Nausea/vomiting - Fever - swollen glands - Labs: increase WBC,ESR and CRP

Treatment for Rheumatic Fever?

Treat the streptococcal infection before it turns into rheumatic Fever