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Medical Micro/Immunology > Chapter 19B > Flashcards

Chapter 19B Flashcards

1
Q

Name 7 G+ regular non spore forming rods

A
  1. Lactobacillus
  2. Listeria
  3. Erysipelothrix
  4. Kurthia
  5. Caryophanum
  6. Bronchotrix
  7. Renibacterium
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2
Q

The 7 are considered “regular” because

A

Regular because of uniform staining pattern and do not assume pleomorphic shapes

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3
Q

An emerging food borne pathogen

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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4
Q

L. monocytogenes is non _____

A

fastidious

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5
Q

L. monocytogenes is resistant to

A

cold, heat, salt, pH, and bile

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6
Q

L. monocytogenes is a contaminant of

A

unpasterurized dairy products and meats

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7
Q

______ is beta hemolytic

A

L. monocytogenes

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8
Q

L. monocytogenes is sensitive to

A

penicillin, ampicillin, and erythromycin

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9
Q

Name 4 gram +, irregular non spore forming rods

A
  1. Corynebacterium
  2. Mycobacterium
  3. Nocardia
  4. Propionibacterium
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10
Q

They are considered irregular because

A
  • pleomorphic in shape

* stain unevenly

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11
Q

How many genera of Bacilli are G+, irregular, non spore forming

A

20 genera

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12
Q

Produce catalase, have mycolic acids, and have unique peptidoglycan

A

G+, irregular, non spore forming, rods

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13
Q

Corynebacterium diptheriae shape

A

curved rod that tapers at end

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14
Q

Corynebacterium diptheriae has thin spots in the cell walll that develop into ____, ____, and ____ shapes

A

club, filamentous, and swollen

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15
Q

C. diptheriae toxigenic strains produce exotoxin called

A

diphterotoxin

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16
Q

C. diphteriae has a high

A

morbidity and mortality rate in past but now there is an effective vaccine

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17
Q

How many cases of C. diphteriae in US

A

.01 cases per million

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18
Q

C. diphteriae is transmitted via

A

fomites, droplets, and contaminated milk

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19
Q

Portal of entry for C. diphteriae

A

upper respiratory tract

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20
Q

Aerotolerant, anaerobic, non toxigenic

A

Propionibacterium

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21
Q

Involved in infections of eye and joints

A

Propionibacterium

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22
Q

Propionibacterium is a resident of

A

pilosebaceous glands (P. acnes)

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23
Q

Propionibacterium is related to

A

acne vulgaris

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24
Q

Complex syndrome influenced by genetic hormonal factors as well as by epidermal structure

A

acne vulgaris

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25
Acid - fast G+ bacilli
Mycobacterium
26
Describe Mycobacterium size
*about 50 spp
27
large amount of mycolic acid and waxes
Mycobacterium
28
strict aerobes
Mycobacterium
29
Slender filamentous rods
Mycobacterium
30
widely distributed, resistant to environmental conditions, and grow slowly
Mycobacterium
31
3 diseases caused by Mycobacterium
Tuberculosis Leprosy MOTT (Mycobacteria other than tuberculosis bacilli) - immunocompromised patients
32
M. tuberculosis are long thin rods that grow in
masses or cords
33
Cord factor of M. tuberculosis is involved in
virulence
34
Has No endotoxins or enzymes for infectiousness
M. tuberculosis
35
M. tuberculosis have ____ in cell wall
complex waxes
36
Susceptibility to M. tuberculosis due to: (6)
``` poverty bad nutrition poor hygiene low immune system lung damage genetics ```
37
Tubercules
TB bacillus inside macrophages with wall made of fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and neutrophils
38
Tuberculin
a skin test (cell mediated immune response) | Mantoux Test
39
M. tuberculosis mode of transmission (2):
fine droplets - cough, sneeze, expectoration | mucus and aerosols
40
M. tuberculosis minimum infectious dose
around 10 bacterial cells
41
How many people carry TB bacillus
1/3 of world population and 15 million Americans
42
Tuberculosis Bacillus is very resistant
survives up to 8 months in aerosols
43
TB: Humans are easily infected but
resistant to disease
44
Only ____ % of infected people actually develop clinical case of TB
5%
45
Untreated cases can last ______ with morbid episodes
a lifetime
46
85% of TB is in ____ but can be in other organs such as (lymph nodes, long bones, genital tract, brain, and meninges)
lungs
47
How many people die each year of TB
3 million
48
Texas has ___ national rate and RGV has ____ state rate for TB
2x and 2x
49
Biggest problem with TB in valley
drug resistance
50
4 Current drugs for TB
isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamine, and ethambutol
51
To avoid resistance therapy includes
2-3 drugs in combination
52
Some patients take up to
7-8 medications
53
How long do drugs take to kill bacilli ?
6 - 24 months
54
Vaccine is made of attenuated strain of M. bovis called
bacillus Calmet-Guerin (BCG)
55
______ % of vaccines give protection for several years
20 - 80%
56
Detection of TB
Acid-fast stain done for Mycobacterium spp
57
Test for TB is done in
sputum
58
________ shows bright red cells against blue back ground
Ziehl-Neelsen
59
_____ shows luminescence with a yellow green background
Fluorescence
60
What kind of media can TB be plated on? Name 2 of that kind
Egg-potato media - Middlebrook 7H11 - Lowenstein Jensen media
61
How long will TB take to grow on egg-potato media?
8 weeks +
62
Latest technique for tb detection
PCR (gene amplification) - results in 24 hrs
63
M. leprae
causative agent of leprosy
64
strict parasite
M. leprae
65
Never grown on artificial media or human tissue culture
M. leprae
66
slowest growing bacterial species
M. leprae
67
Leprosy
chronic progressive disease of skin and nerves produced by M. leprae
68
Bacilli of leprosy are not
virulent
69
Bacilli of leprosy can be harbored through
lifetime
70
Incubation period for leprosy
2 -5 years or months to 40 years
71
What is unique about M. leprae
grown inside macrophages
72
2 natural resevoirs of leprosy bacillus
human body and armadillos
73
Leprosy: Predisposing factor for a defect in the regulation of
t cells
74
Leprosy causes
severe disfigurement - believed before as divine curse - lepers
75
Mechanism of transmission for leprosy
``` unknown! contact with leprotic? mechanical vectors? droplets? zoonosis (through armadillos)?? ```
76
How many people have leprosy in the world? | In US?
15 million | 2 - 3,000
77
How does one contract leprosy?
now believed that it is an immunological disorder that can be induced by the bacteria in immunocompromised people (5% of world population)
78
5 forms of leprosy
``` Tuberculoid leprosy (TT) Lepromatous leprosy (LL) Borderline tuberculoid (BT) Borderline (BB) Borderline lepromatous (BL) ```
79
Therapy for leprosy
a combined approach of Dapsone (DDS) and Rifampin
80
Vaccine for leprosy
currently under development by WHO
81
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
Found in soil bacteria. attacks AIDS patients Has high drug resistance
82
3rd most common cause of death in AIDS patients
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
83
Pulmonary infections by commensal mycobacteria (2)
M. kansasii (USA, UK) | M. fortuitum
84
Diseases by non commensal Mycobacteria (2)
M. marinum | M. scrofulaceum
85
M. marinum
Swimming pool granuloma | - affects elbows, knees, toes, fingers
86
M. scrofulaceum
Cervical lymph nodes | - found in Great Lakes region, Canada, and Japan
87
Tuberculin test
Protein of bacteria scratch skin negative (0-5mm) intermediate (5-9mm) positive (>10 mm)
88
Prevention of tb
stay away from coughing people

Medical Micro/Immunology (8 decks)

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