Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

(89 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Pharmacy

A

the art and science of preparing and dispensing medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pharmacology

A

the study of how drugs work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

7 steps for vet tech monitoring medication

A
  1. accurately transcribe intention to administer drug
  2. prescription must be read and accurately interpreted
  3. accurately calculate mass of drug
  4. identify appropriate dosage form
  5. administer the correct amount to the patient
  6. calculate the total amount of drug forms needed for the entire duration of the dose
  7. communicate the drug order to the owner
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Legend Drugs

A

caution: federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

drug order

A

requested by a vet to dispense or administer within a hospital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

prescription

A

drug order sent from a licensed vet to a pharmacy where it is filled by a licensed pharmacist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

information on a perscription

A 
name of vet hospital or veterinarian
address and phone number of vet
date written
owner's name and address
species of animal
RX symbol
drug name, concentration, number of units
refills-if so how many
Sig-directions for treatment

Extra label meds must have patient ID-name, ear tag #, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

controlled substances

A

narcotics, strong sedatives, analgesics, hallucinogenics-all have the potential for abuse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

DEA

A

drug enforcement agency
aka -schedule drugs
identified with a C
vet can’t legally prescribe without being registered with the DEA
rated class 1 to V-C1 has the highest potential for abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

controlled substances log

A

mandated for inspection for a minimum of 2 years

some states require a hard copy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

dosage regimen

A

information needed to determine the mass of the drug to be given to the animal,
the route by which the drug is to be given,
how often it is to be given,
how long it is to be administered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

dosage interval

A

the time between doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dosage

A

the description of the mass of drug needed per unit of weight
Ex: 10mg/Kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

dose

A

specific number of dosage forms or mass of the drug that has been calculated for administration at one time to a specific patient
ex: 50 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

dosage form

A

physical form of the drug to be administered

ex: 1 tablet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

dosage range

A

allows the vet to tailor the dose-find an acceptable dosage within the dosage range that allows the meds to be dispensed as whole tablets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

abbreviations

A

standardized communication, all capitalized, may not use periods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bid

A

twice a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cc

A

cubic centimeter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

disp

A

dispense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

g (gm)

A

gram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

gr

A

grain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

h (hr)

A

hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

IM

A

intramuscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
IP
intraperitoneal
26
IV
intravenous
27
L
liter
28
lb
pound
29
mg
milligram
30
mL
millimeter
31
OD
right eye
32
OS
left eye
33
OU
both eyes
34
oz
ounce
35
PO
by mouth
36
PRN
as needed
37
q
every
38
q4h
every 4 hours
39
q8h
every 8 hours
40
qd
every day
41
qh
every hour
42
qid
four times a day
43
qod
every other day
44
sid
once a day
45
SQ/SC
subcutaneous
46
stat
immediately
47
TBL or Tbsp
tablespoon
48
tid
three times daily
49
tsp
teaspoon
50
common medication errors
1. avoid zeros after decimal point 2. put zero in front of decimal 3. use mL instead of cc 4. avoid tsp or t 5. write out grains (confuse with gram) 6. use mcg instead of µ 7. clear when write AU or AD or AS 8. never use o.d. for once daily (OD right eye) 9. use q.d. for once daily not s.i.d 10. use q 12 instead of b.i.d. for clients 11. take care to differentiate q.d. from q.i.d 12. write out the word "units"
51
apothecary system examples
fluid ounces, grains
52
kilo
multiply 1000
53
hecto
multiply 100
54
deka
multiply 10
55
deci
multiply 1/10
56
centi
multiply 1/100
57
milli
multiply 1/1000
58
micro
multiply 1/1,000,000
59
nano
multiply 1/1,000,000,000
60
household item examples
teaspoon, cup, pint, gallon
61
calculate drug mass needed
weight of animal | dosage (in mass of drug per unit of weight/mass in animal)
62
1 liter
1000 mL or 10 dL
63
1 mL
1 CC or 1000 mcL
64
1 tablespoon
3 teaspoons or 15 mL
65
1 teaspoon
5 mL
66
1 gallon
3.786 L or 4 quarts or 8 pints
67
1 pint
2 cups or 16 fl oz or 473 mL
68
pounds and kilogram conversion
2.2 lb/kg or 1 kg/2.2 lbs
69
variation mg/m2 (squared)
per square meter of body surface area of smaller animals takes into account patient's bodyweight and length (height) same as mg/kg except m2 instead of kg
70
adjusting the dose
multiply the entire dose by the percentage of decrease then subtract ex: 100 mg decreased by 25 percent=25 mg to decrease to 75 mg
71
calculating the amount of dosage form needed
dose x concentration=volume of fluid ex: 100 mg x 1mL/25mg=volume of fluid mL ``` dose x tablet strength=number of tablets ex: 2-- mg x 1 tablet/50 mg=number of tablets ```
72
percentage solution
commonly used in liquid dosage forms as the number of grams of drugs per 100 mL of liquid aka weight by volume percentage solution ex: 10% solution x 1000mg/1 g=?mg/mL
73
volume by volume
the number of mL of drug per 100 mL of total liquid medium
74
weight by weight
the number of grams of drug per 100 grams of drug and medium
75
total number of dosage units
known value x conversion factor=answer | ex: 4 tablets/dose x 3 doses/day x 10 days/dosage regimen=? tablets/dosage regimen
76
dosage regimen shortcut
``` weight x weight conversion x dosage x tablet strength=answer ex: 44 lb x 1kg/2.2lb x 2 mg/kg x 1 tablet/50 mg= 0.8 tablets ```
77
common mistakes: dosage regimen
round to the nearest whole tablet for individual dose
78
volume of liquid dosage forms
same as tablet except instead of rounding to nearest tablet, round to nearest small volume unit for liquid dosage (accurately delivered by syringe) ex 1.376 mL round to 1.4 mL
79
cost of the dispensed medication
known value x conversion factor-answer | ex: 30 tablets x 0.25/1 tablet=? total
80
compounding drugs
any manipulation of a drug product to produce a different dosage form that what is approved by the FDA ex: anesthetic cocktails 1. valid VCPR 2. animal health threatened without use of drug 3. no FDA approved vet drug exists 4. compound drug is made from FDA approved vet or human drugs 5. only licensed vet will determine if drug needs compounding 6. must be safe and effective 8. if animal used for food, withdrawal time between drug use and when animal sent to market 9. labeled with name, address, date, expiration, medically active ingredient, treated animal, directions for use, caution 10. comply with local and state laws
81
poison prevention packaging act of 1970
enabled FDA require special packaging for drugs that may be dangerous to children not illegal to use non-childproof containers but theoretically vet could be held liable for negligence
82
storage of drugs in vet facility
can't remain on shelf after expiration | should be stored at proper temp
83
environmental concerns for proper storage
cold: not exceed 8°C/46°F cool: 8° to 15°C/46 to 59° room temp: 15° to 30° C/ 59° to 86° F warm: 30° to 40° C/ 86° to 104° F excessive heat: greater than 40° C/104° F
84
cytotoxic drugs
"cell poison" drugs poisonous to mammalian cells include antineoplastic agents to treat cancer and antimycotic agents used to treat fungal infections hazardous and should be stored separately from other drugs
85
teratogenic or mutagenic
improper handling of cytotoxic and hazardous drugs can result in birth defects
86
carcinogenic effects
cancer or neoplasia from cytotoxic or hazardous drugs
87
materials safety data sheet
for every cytotoxic agent or hazardous compound
88
reduce the risk of accidental exposure to cytotoxic drugs
1. drug absorption from skin or spilled syringe 2. inhalation aerosolized drug 3. ingestion contaminated food 4. Ingestion crushed tablets 5. opening glass ampules
89
follow these guidelines to reduce exposure
1. mix just before administration 2. prepare in low traffic/well ventilated area 3. wear PPE 4. use syringes and IV lines 5. recheck calculated drug dose 6. confirm catheter is in vein 7. place syringes, IV lines, catheters in sealed plastic bags 8. place bagged items in leak proof, puncture proof hazardous waste 9. clean and decontaminate treatment area

Pharmacology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions