Chapter 7 PPT Flashcards
(34 cards)
Endocrine System
negative feedback system
thyroid gland
gonads
pancreas
adrenal glands
thyroid
regulate cell metabolic function
basal metabolic rate
hypothalamus( T3, T4)-TRH pituitary gland (T3, T4)-TSH thyroid gland (makes T3, T4)
Primary Hypothyroidism
thyroid
Secondary hypothyroidism
pituitary
Tertiary hypothyroidism
hypothalamus
Goiter
iodine rich diet
Hypothyroidism
clinical signs
lethargy, weight gain, alopecia, dry/scaly skin, bradycardia, heat seeking behavior, decreased estrous cycle, decrease growth young animals
Hypothyroidism
treatment
Synthetic T4-Levothyroxine
monitor T4 blood levels
return to euthyroid state will alter animal’s physiology (cats, kidneys)
Hyperthyroidism
excessive thyroid hormone production
Hyperthyroidism
clinical signs
increased activity, increased GI motility-diarrhea, weight loss despite polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, tachycardia and hypertension, heat intolerance
Hyperthyroidism treatments
surgical removal of tumor
radioactive iodine
Methimazole/carbimazole
iodine-limited diets
Endocrine pancreas
hormones
insulin
glucagon
somatostatin
Glucose function
normal function: move glucose from blood into tissue cells
lack of insulin=diabetes mellitus
hyperglycemia
glucosuria
Type 1
insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
destruction or lack of function of pancreatic beta cells
typically occurs in dogs
Type 2
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
decreased effectiveness of insulin despite functional cells
typically occurs in cats
Insulin
protein molecule via injection measured in units per ML syringe calculated in units suspension-needs to resuspended before each withdrawal store at constant temperature
Vetsulin
porcine insulin zink suspension
recombinant human insulin
regular crystalline insulin NPH-neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin PZI-protamine zinc insulin Insulin glargine Insulin detemir
Drugs that alter insulin requirements
corticosteroids! thiazide diuretics phenothiazine tranquilizers progesterone epinephrine
Oral hypoglycemic agents
Glipizide
human product
infective-bad side effects-not recommended!
Estrous cycle: follicular phase
proestrus
estrus
Estrous cycle: luteal phase
diestrus/metestrus
anestrus
Reproductive Drugs
Gonadorelins
GnRH
stimulate relase of LH and FSH
approved short term use in cattle
Cystorelin
OvaCyst
lysis of persistent ovarian follicles or follicular cysts
