Chapter 2

Question 1

This term is to describe the facts of the world free from individual bias.

Answer 1

What is Objectivity?

Question 2

This term is to describe the facts of the world influenced from an individual perspective.

Answer 2

What is Subjectivity?

Question 3

If your results are generalized, based on reliable measurements, with minimum bias and has gone through replication and public scrutiny, you’ve completed this.

Answer 3

What are the Five Characteristics of Quality Science?

Question 4

These measurements are consistent between instruments and observers.

Answer 4

What is an Objective Measurement?

Question 5

This object is something that can be changed in an experiment.

Answer 5

What is a Variable?

Question 6

This type of definition helps scientists choose the best operating variables and instruments for their experiment.

Answer 6

What is an Operational Definition?

Question 7

This term reflects the degree of accuracy measurements from instruments.

Answer 7

What is Validity?

Question 8

This term describes how consistent observations are over time.

Answer 8

What is Reliability?

Question 9

This term asks are scores similar to one another at different points in time?

Answer 9

What is Test-Retest Reliabilty?

Question 10

This term asks if scores are similar to each other over different tests?

Answer 10

What is Alternate-Test Reliability?

Question 11

This term asks if results can be applied to a larger sample or population.

Answer 11

What is Generalizabilty?

Question 12

This psychological effect occurs when changes occur not because of variables but due to pressure from observation.

Answer 12

What is the Hawthorne Effect?

Question 13

These cues can be picked up by a subject from an experimenter on what exactly the researcher is looking for from the experiment.

Answer 13

What are Demand Characteristics?

Question 14

A subject might go out of their way to be viewed favourably by the experimenter, performing this term.

Answer 14

What is Social Desirability?

Question 15

Researchers are guilty of committing this, when their expectations of subjects influence results.

Answer 15

What is Observer Expectancy?

Question 16

This effect occurs when subjects are given a treatment that shouldn’t do anything, but sometimes has effects.

Answer 16

What is the Placebo Effect?

Question 17

In this type of study, the participants are unaware of what exactly they are being tested on.

Answer 17

What is a Single-Blind Study?

Question 18

In this type of study, both the experimenter and subjects are unaware of the true nature of the experiment.

Answer 18

What is a Double-Blind Study?

Question 19

These clauses help keep subject information private and limited to use in the study.

Answer 19

What is Anonymity and Confidentiality?

Question 20

This type of review is by other researchers in the same field.

Answer 20

What is Peer Review?

Question 21

If someone can do this, they are able to remake an experiment and its results in the exact same conditions.

Answer 21

What is Replication?

Question 22

This type of research is almost like a census in which you collect descriptive information from individual observations.

Answer 22

What is Descriptive Research?

Question 23

This type of study follows one particular individual throughout a long period of time.

Answer 23

What is a Case Study?

Question 24

To observe a subject in their natural environment.

Answer 24

What is a Naturalistic Observation?

Question 25

This type of research tries to show how closely linked two different variables are.

Answer 25

What is Correlational Research?

Question 26

This kind of variable can interfere with an experiment depending on how much of a presence it has.

Answer 26

What is a Lurking Variable?

Question 27

This experimental design compares participants in different groups, such as a control versus an experimental group.

Answer 27

What is Between-Subjects Design?

Question 28

This experimental design has all participants go through both a control and experimental stimuli.

Answer 28

What is Within-Subjects Design?

Question 29

These cellular structures in the nucleus contain the genes and form into an almost X-like pattern.

Answer 29

What is a Chromosome?

Question 30

This double-helix molecule contains the nucleotides to activate gene sequences.

Answer 30

What is Dioxyribonucleic Acid DNA?

Question 31

These strings of nucleotides help guide protein synthesis.

Answer 31

What are Genes?

Question 32

This type of genetics evaluating how much of an influence our genetics plays in our development.

Answer 32

What is Behavioural Genetics?

Question 33

Coined by Charles Darwin, this term describes the change in frequency of traits in a population.

Answer 33

What is Evolution?

Question 34

Cells control gene activity without altering the DNA sequence, known as this.

Answer 34

What is Epigenetics?