Chapter 3 Flashcards
(43 cards)
These cells send and receive electrical signals to communicate between each other.
What are Neurons?
This part of the cell contains everything, including the nucleus of a neuron.
What is the Cell Body?
These long, tentacle-like appendages receive electrical impulses from other neurons.
What are Dendrites?
This long extension of a neuron sends out an electrical impulse once action potential is reached.
What is an Axon?
This fatty coating around the axon increase the speed of electrical impulses.
What is the Myelin Sheathe?
This part of the neuron is almost like an airport for neurotransmitters to be released to another neuron.
What is the Axon Terminal?
The brain’s ability to develop functions and change structures during development.
What is Neural Plasticity?
This brain development of neurons help integrate newer nerve cells with ones from youth.
What is Adult Neurogenesis?
These support cells for neurons include the microglian cells for waste removal, and oligodendrocytes for myelin production.
What are Glial Cells?
This neurodegenerative disease occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks myelin, slowing down neural cells.
What is MS Multiple Sclerosis?
This electrical movement occurs due to the charge of neurotransmitters and the resting charge of dendrites.
What is Ionic Movement?
These brain chemicals influence the electrical charge of the neuron to release signals.
What are Neurotransmitters?
This area is the intermediary between an axon terminal and the receiving dendrite.
What is Synapse?
This principle of neurons declares that a neuron will always fire a signal once the action potential threshold is reached.
What is the All-or-Nothing Principle?
This process occurs at the presynaptic axon terminal in which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed if in proximity.
What is the process of Reuptake?
This system of nerves includes the brain and spinal cord primarily.
What is the Central Nervous System?
This system of nerves connects to most organs and muscles in the body, creating two more types of systems: Autonomic and Somatic.
What is the Peripheral Nervous System?
When your body is under a stress response, it relies on this.
What is Sympathetic Nervous System?
When your body is in a state of neutrality, it uses this nervous system to regulate base levels of activity.
What is Parasympathetic Nervous System?
This brain section includes the Medulla, the Pons, and the Cerebellum.
What is the Hindbrain?
This part of the brain is responsible for keeping the heart and breathing rate at normal levels.
What is the Medulla?
This part of the brain is responsible for an individual’s alertness and arousal levels.
What is the Pons/Reticular Formation?
This part of the brain controls the motor controls responsible for balance and posture.
What is the Cerebellum?
This brain region contains the Tectum and Substantia Nigra.
What is the Midbrain?
